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FIGURES 4.1 Mentions of Issues That Were Harmful to the Alliance and Liberal Parties / 88 4.2 Canadian National Media Attention to Canada/U.S. Elections over the Length of the Canadian Election Campaign / 93 7.1 Mapping the Party Leaders’ Rhetoric / 142 7.2 American Presidential Candidates’ Political Rhetoric / 151 7.3 Canadian Party Leaders’ Political Rhetoric / 160 7.4 American and Canadian Political Rhetoric / 161 8.1 Change by Percentage in Gross Domestic Product / 169 8.2 Foreign Trade as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product / 172 8.3 Exchange Rates per U.S. Dollar / 175 8.4 Interest Rates / 176 10.1 Dictatorships and Military Rule, 1930–1990s / 199 10.2 The Constitutional Reforms / 209–10 10.3 Arnoldo Alemán’s Decline in Popularity / 216 10.4 Nicaragua’s 2001 National Elections: Survey Results / 218 10.5 Costa Rican Elections: Opinion Polls / 223 10.6 Municipalities Won/Lost by Party and Legislators per Party / 232 10.7 Voter Abstention in Previous Elections (Percentage), 1996–2001 / 236 ...

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