Afghanistan, northern, 172 Aina, 3 Ak, 3,19, 21 Akcha, 3, 22, 70, 74 Akhal region, 4, 18 Altyn, 3, 19, 20, 21, 71, 74 Anau IA, 68; ceramics, 163; ware, 77, 190 Anau North (map location), 3 animal, burrow, 187; domestication, 15, 28–30; remains, 25, 28, 35, 95, 154–159, 165 Anjira, 79 Arkash region, 4, 124 Atek, 77 Atrek Valley, 18, 19, 23 Baluchistan, 21 Bami, 3, 16, 18 Bampur, 79 barley, 34, 142, 164, 169; six row, 15, 130, 137; two row, 129 bead(s), 82–83, 85, 94, 120–121, 123–125, 192 Beurme, 3, 18 bin, pebble-lined, 40, 109, 113, 177; plaster-lined, 109; storage, 39 biomorphic analysis, 139–153 black painted floor, 146, 108, 112; walls, 106 BMAC (Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex), 171 bone tool(s), 87–89 Braidwood, Robert, 13 brick(s): brick sizes, 35; proto-bricks, 15; brick, bench, 111; burned bricks 34 building horizon, 31 burial, 22, 26, 40, 82–83, 99, 114, 116–126, 162, 171, 175, 179, 181–190, 192 camel, 156 Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., 25, 26, 31 carnelian, 95, 121 Caspian region, 18; cattle, 155–156 Central Asia, defined, 2 Chagylly, 3, 17, 91, 108 125, 169 Chakmakli, 18, 68, 77, 82, 114 chalcedony, 89 Chalcolithic, 6–7 Cheshmi Ali, 17, 169; ceramics, 77 Childe, V. Gordon, 13 Chingiz, 3, 19, 21 Chong, 3, 70 Chopan, 3, 15, 16, 17, 125 circular structure(s), 47, 50, 53, 99–101, 103, 108, 114, 136, 143, 170–171 climate change, 6 cooking pot(s), 43, 49, 69–70, 74, 77, 79, 179, 186 copper, 83, 120, 169 courtyard(s), 44, 45, 47, 50, 53, 105, 108–109, 111–113, 115, 146, 152 craft production, 21 curtain wall(s), 53, 101, 103 Dalma, 21, 60 Dashli, 3, 21 Dashlidzhi, 3, 63, 95, 97, 115, 167, 170; Period, 19 de Morgan, Jean-Jacques, 27 debitage, stone, 82, 162 detritus (biomorphic analysis), 140–141, 151 diatoms, 141–142 Djeitun, 3, 15–16, 20, 56, 85, 89, 91, 95, 108, 114, 155, 164, 167, 169 dog(s), 157, 165 Duerst, J. Ulrich, 28, 34, 154 dung used as fuel, 135–137 Early Village Period, defined, 1 east gallery, 27–28, 98, 114 East Mound (Anau), 9, 10 east pit, 11 Ekin, 3, 21 environment, environmental change, 1, 6 Erk depe (Manysh), 23 erosion, 161 Ershov, S. A., 28–31 Ershov’s sounding, 11, 31, 54, 67, 68, 77, 95, 98–99, 104 Etek region, 4, 16, 18–20, 22 ethnographic analogy, 2 Eurasian steppe, 2 Excavation 1, 11, 31, 79, 109–111 figurine(s), 23, 44, 95, 97, 164, 169 floor(s), 45, 98–99, 103, 114–115, 152, 162, 163; Index plastered, 149; floor, brick pavement, 148 fruit(s), 131–132 Gadym, 3, 89 Gara, 3 Gathar, 9 Gavych, 18, 68, 77 Geoksyur delta, 4 Geoksyr, 19, 20, 67, 101; type ceramics, 74, 79 Geoksyur 1 site, 3, 70, 97, 114 Geoksyur 5 site (Chong), 3, 170; ceramic type, 72 Geoksyur 6 site (Aina), 3, 70 Geoksyur, 7 site, 70 Gievdezhik, 21 Gijlar, 134 Godin, 21 gold, 22 Gonur depe, 132, 153, 159 Gooch, F. A., 28 ground stone tool(s), 93–94, 182, 189 Gryaznov, M. P., 28 Gurgan, 77 gyr (stone weight), 82, 93, 97 Hajinebi, 136 Hajji Firuz, 164 Hasanlu, 21 hearth(s), 44–45, 108, 111, 121, 125, 147, 162–163, 167, 171, 177, 179, 184 Hissar 6, 70, 78, 79, 87, 89, 93, 97, 134, 169, 172 horse (see onager), 157–159 human bones, 28 hunting, 154, 165 Huntington, Ellsworth, 5, 26 Ilgyli, 3, 12, 19, 21–23, 35, 70, 74, 94, 95, 97, 105, 115, 126 ,154, 159, 164, 167, 170–172 Indus Valley, 21 Institute of Archaeology, Leningrad (LOIA), 28, 30 interregional trade, 6 irrigation systems, 4, 164; liman, 4, 164, 169 Isidore of Charax, 9 IuTAKE (South Turkmenistan Archaeological Complex Expedition), 28, 30 Kara Kum desert, 2, 16 Kara, 3, 35, 53, 70, 78–79, 85, 87, 93, 95, 97, 109, 115–116, 125–126 Karantki-Tokai, 3, 19, 21 Kashut, 3, 18, 21, 68 Keltechinar River and Valley, 4–5, 17, 19, 23, 89, 128, 172 Kidder, Homer H., 26 Komarov, A. V., 12, 24 Komarov’s trench, 12, 27, 30–31, 33–34, 174, 192 korchagi (defined), 63, 69, 78–79, 109, 115, 184, 186 Kuftin, B. A., 30 kulturni sloi (archaeological complex), 31 Kunlun mountains, 2 Kurbansakhatov’s deep sounding, 27, 33, 75, 98–103, 114 Kurbansakhatov...