Epictetus: His Continuing Influence and Contemporary Relevance

Index

241 A Academics: on impressions, 168 Accordance Requirement, 169, 184–192 Actions: consequences of, 28; desiring different results from, 51; guidance across individuals and circumstances, 142; moral, 146; to please others, 197–205; rational, 36; reasons for, 55; role-fulfilling, 17; virtuous, 63 Adorno, Theodor, 137n19 Adversity, 69 Agathon, 57 Agency: expression of, 17, 36; rational moral, 17 Agents: divinely given role for, 15; perfect, 58n8; relation to Zeus’s actions, 60n14; taking matters seriously, 55; treating valuable as good, 56n4 Aikin, Scott, 13, 197–205 Alcibiades, 25n22 Ambition, 198 Anger: as contrary to virtue, 97; contrast with patience, 93; courage and, 93–94; defining, 93, 94n8; delay as cure for, 98; problems with, 93; risks of, 93, 94, 101; as temporary departure from reason, 98; unreliability of, 93 Animals. See also Nanimals: abilities distinctive to species, 218; capacities of, 31n34; essential faculties of, 30; proper functions of, 114n23; roles of, 31n34; sense-impressions INDEX in, 213; shared stages with human beings, 119; survival functions of, 30; tendency to evaluate experience subjectively, 120n41; virtues and vices, 207–236 Animals, non-human. See Nanimals Annas, Julia, 17n6, 131, 143n38 Antisthenes: on examination of terms, 105n2 Apollophanes, 172n22 Apology (Plato), 15 Aquinas, Thomas, 89n2; on patience, 95, 95n9, 96 Argumentation, 122n46 Aristo, 62, 185n64 Aristotle, 17n6, 109n9, 119n39, 146, 210; argument that sleep cannot constitute happiness, 32; belief in reason, 11; function argument of, 30n33; on Heracles, 33; on prudence, 132; views of good temper, 90n5; views on anger, 94n8; on virtue, 132n4; withdrawal from Athens, 29n30 Arrian, 122, 151, 151n3, 169 Artificial Terminology Charge (against Stoic proposal), 56, 57–61, 60; seen as misguided, 61 Askesis: allows ideas to shine forth, 46; amount of virtue produced through, 49; defining, 12, 41, 43, 52; deployment of ideas to compel volition through, 49; ethical knowledge and, 50; ethics and, 41; Foucault on, 41–52; freedom and, 41; 242 EPICTETUS: his continuing influence and contemporary relevance free will and, 42; “golden age” of, 41; as gradual training for freedom, 43; habits and training in, 49, 50; impersonal nature of, 51; performing, 45; practices of, 41; production of conviction in oneself and, 44; as self adjusting the self, 43; as technique of selection/ deployment of living ideas, 46; use of counter-images and, 47 Assent: infallibility in, 124; withholding, 124 Augustine, 137, 137n22 Autonomy, 62; defining, 135n13; exercise of, 143n37; freedom and, 137; Kant on, 139; lack of which enables, 146; selfdetermination and, 156n6; struggles with desires and, 139; suicide and, 143n37 Aversion, 122 B Barnes, Jonathan, 33n39 Bates, Carrie, 13, 151–162 Baumeister, Roy, 202n6 Behavior: general evasion-type, 188; ideas as causes of, 47, 49; production and technical adjustment of, 50; sexual, 160 Being(s): continuously individuated, 118; differentiated, 115; genera of, 115, 115n27, 116; interaction with environment by, 125; strata of, 116; universal, 126 Bénatouïl, Thomas, 131, 142n34 Bobzien, Susanne, 42 Bonhöffer, Adolf, 16, 17, 80n4, 80n6, 107n6, 153, 155, 158, 160, 161, 214n21 Boyarin, Daniel, 160 Brennan, Tad, 177n43 Brooke, Christopher, 11 Buddhism: suffering in, 100 Burdens: avoidance of, 92n6; constitutive, 92; of one’s imperfections, 98, 99; patience and, 92, 93; responding to, 93 C Callan, Eamonn, 89n1, 90, 99n16 Capacities: of humans and animals, 30n32; obligations to realize, 30; observations about, 31; realization through preferred externals, 31, 34; to reason, 21; special, 31; for understanding, 30, 30n32 Care of the Self (Foucault), 41, 46n12, 50n20, 50n21 Cassius Longinus, 211 Caston, Victor, 112n17 Categorical imperative: acting on state of moral perfection yet to come, 143; circle of familiarities and, 13, 140– 144; deriving various duties from, 140; as given universal, 146; provision of right guidance and, 141; status of mankind and, 140–144 Causal Requirement, 169, 174 Change: forced by askesis, 50; in habits Christianity: early, 10; Epictetus’s teachings and, 10 Chrysippus, 45, 60, 109n9, 185n64, 187, 187n70; on appropriation, 177; on becoming The Sage, 189n75; 243 on evaluating indifferents, 188, 188n72; on examination of terms, 105n2; on goods and bads, 177; on innate preconceptions, 80; on man as citizen of the universe, 114n24; as nativist, 80n4; on strata of being, 116; use of conditional universal generalizations, 112n17 Cicero, 71n30, 133, 178n49, 198n4; account of four personae, 20n12; concept of spheres of familiarity, 136; on stations in life, 117n32 Circle of familiarities: categorical imperative and, 13, 140–144; guidance by as an individual achievement, 146; inclusion within larger circle of the universe, 142; status...