Oil and Water: Media Lessons from Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster

Notes

165 Notes Introduction 1. Sheldon Fox interview, July 2010. 2. See the National Hurricane Center, “Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Katrina,” August 2005, and Richard D. Knabb, Jamie R. Rhome, and Daniel P. Brown, “National Hurricane Center,” December 2005, accessed June 20, 2012. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf. 3. Bob Mann interview, December 6, 2011. 4. Danny Shipka interview, December 5, 2011. 5. Ibid. 6. Louisiana Film Tax Incentives Help Create “Hollywood South,” accessed June 20, 2012. http://www.fbtfilm.com/hollywood-south.aspx. 7. Dave Walker, “HBO’s Treme Finally Gets New Orleans Right,” Times-Picayune, accessed June 20, 2012. http://www.nola.com/treme-hbo/index.ssf/2010/04/treme_is_ probably_as_good_as_i.html. 8. Froma Harrop, “Feds Should Take Over Louisiana,” Columbus Dispatch, June 18, 2010, accessed June 20, 2012. http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/editorials/ 2010/06/18/feds-should-take-over-louisiana.html. 9. “Four-in-Ten Question Rebuilding New Orleans in Present Location,” Pew Research Center, accessed June 20, 2010. http://www.people-press.org/2005/09/12/ four-in-ten-question-rebuilding-new-orleans-in-present-location/. 10. Robert Dowie interview, December 6, 2011. Chapter 1 1. Marla Perez-Lugo, “Media Uses in Disaster Situations: A New Focus on the Impact Phase,” Sociological Inquiry 74 (2004): 210–225; Chris Piotrowski and Terry Armstrong, “Mass Media Preferences in Disaster: A Study of Hurricane Danny,” Social Behavior and Personality 26 (1998): 341–346. 2. Shearon Roberts, “Media Use and Hurricane Katrina,” unpublished research, 2005, Louisiana State University. This study surveyed 250 New Orleans area residents on their media use before, during, and after Hurricane Katrina during September 2005. We were given exclusive access to the FEMA trailer site in Baker, Louisiana, for evacuated students Notes 166 at LSU, and we snowballed displaced residents scattered across the Gulf during that month. 3. Craig M. Allen, News Is People: The Rise of Local TV News and the Fall of News from New York (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 2001); Franklin Gilliam Jr. and Shanto Iyengar, “Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public,” American Journal of Political Science 44 (2000): 560–573; Diane Nicodemus, “Mobilizing Information: Local News and the Formation of a Viable Political Community,” Political Communication 21 (2004): 161–176; Lou Prato, “In Local TV News We Trust, But Why?” American Journalism Review (November 1998): 68. 4. These students were surveyed at the LSU dorms they were temporarily housed in and in the special section courses they took. 5. For a few, the survey had to be read aloud and the answers written down by the researcher. 6. Those “caught in the storm” were fifty-one respondents in the post-Katrina survey. 7. Marla Perez-Lugo, “Media Uses in Disaster Situations.” 8. See example of information relay in the 2010 Haitian earthquake in Imogen Wall and Sharon Reader, “Citizen Initiatives in Haiti,” Forced Migration Review 38 (2011): 4–6. 9. Shearon Roberts, Gulf Coast Journalists and Hurricane Katrina: The Story behind the Stories, documentary film, 2006; Dave Walker, “On the Air,” Radio, New Orleans TimesPicayune , November 11, 2006. 10. Chris Piotrowski and Terry Armstrong, “Mass Media Preferences in Disaster”; Marla Perez-Lugo, “Media Uses in Disaster Situations.” 11. Imogen Wall and Sharon Reader, “Citizen Initiatives in Haiti,” 4–6. 12. Renee Edwards, Andrea Miller, David Brown, and Stephanie Grey, “Hurricanes, Institutional Procedures, and Information Processing (HIPIP): Engagement with Decision-Makers and Coastal Residents.” Funding for two studies (2009–2010, survey and in-depth interviews) from the Mississippi–Alabama Sea Grant Consortium. http://www .lsu.edu/hipip/index.html. 13. Shearon Roberts, “Media Use and Hurricane Katrina.” 14. Marla Perez-Lugo, “Media Uses in Disaster Situations.” 15. Renee Edwards, Andrea Miller, David Brown, and Stephanie Grey, “Hurricanes, Institutional Procedures, and Information Processing (HIPIP): Engagement with Decision-Makers and Coastal Residents.” 16. Shearon Roberts, “Gulf Coast Journalists and Hurricane Katrina: Mounting Challenges to the Work Routine” (master’s thesis, Louisiana State University, 2007); interview with David Meeks in September 2006 at the Times-Picayune building in New Orleans. 17. Renee Edwards, Andrea Miller, David Brown, and Stephanie Grey, “Hurricanes, Institutional Procedures, and Information Processing (HIPIP): Engagement with Decision-Makers and Coastal Residents.” 18. Ibid. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. Notes 167 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid. 23. Kirby Goidel and Ashley Kirzinger, “The View from the Coast: A Survey of 924 Coastal Residents on the 2010 Gulf Oil Spill” (unpublished research, Reilly Center for Media & Public Affairs, Louisiana State University, 2010). Survey...