Notes
245 noTes introduction 1. Jim Beam,“Why Is This Earth Day Different,” Lake Charles American Press,April 22, 1990. 2.“BFI, ICG Pass Dumping Buck,” Lake Charles American Press, October 23, 1982. BFI Chemical Services, Inc., a subsidiary of BFI, operated the facility until mid-1983, when operational control of the facility was transferred to CECOS International, Inc., another BFI subsidiary. 3.“BFI, ICG Pass Dumping Buck.” 4. Lake Charles American Press, October 24, 1982. 5.“BFI, ICG Pass Dumping Buck.” 6. Ibid. 7. She died several months after the health study was conducted. 8. David Snyder,“The Poisoned Land,” New Orleans Times Picayune, Special Report, September 8–13, 1985. 9. The affected areas included fifteen parishes or eleven thousand square miles, extending west to the Sabine River, east to the Atchafalaya River, south to the Gulf of Mexico, and north to Vernon and Rapides Parish. 10. BFI constructed both a landfill and an injection well at the facility.We were successful in the closure of the landfill and partially successful with the injection well. They can no longer take waste from other companies. They are allowed only to inject waste from their own waste stream. 11. For more on open range cattle and this testimony, see Jim Schwab, Deeper Shades of Green (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1999), 224. 12. Ibid. 13. Schwab, Deeper Shades of Green, 208. In 1986, Louisiana led the nation annually in the discharge of toxic pollution with more than 715 million pounds being emitted into the air, land, and water. 14.“Report on Solid Waste Landfills,” 1989, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), State Agency Files, Baton Rouge, LA;“Report on Hazardous Waste Dumps,” 1990, DEQ, State Agency Files, Baton Rouge, LA;“Report on Hazardous Waste Landfills,” 1995, DEQ, State Agency Files, Baton Rouge, LA;“Report on Injection Wells,” 246 Notes 1996, Louisiana Office of Conservation Report, State Agency Files, Baton Rouge, LA. Copies available from Wilma Subra. 15.“Report on Hazardous Waste Dumps.”An underground waste plume is similar to a plume of smoke. Like smoke, the groundwater flows out from an underground source of contamination and forms a larger area of contamination. 16. The Superfund Program was set up by Congress in 1980 to pay for the cleanup of numerous abandoned hazardous waste sites around the country. 17. Personal interview with Lois Gibbs, director of the Citizens’ Clearinghouse for Hazardous Wastes (CCHW), January 29, 2000. 18. In 2011, Edwards was released from federal prison after serving eight years for a corruption conviction related to the gaming industry. 19. Huey Long was governor of Louisiana, 1928 to 1932. He also served in the US Senate from 1932 until his death in 1935. Like Edwards, but with a record of building, Long was a populist, sponsoring many reforms that endeared him to the rural poor. 20. Barbara Allen, Uneasy Alchemy (Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003), 10–13, 164 n 18. 21. Save Ourselves v. Louisiana Environmental Control Commission, No. 83-C-1480 (452 So. 2d 1152, 20 ERC 2214) (La. May 14, 1984). See also Theresa Robert in chapter 2 of this book. chapter1 1. Division of Administration,“About Louisiana: History and Culture,” http://doa .louisiana.gov/about_industry.htm (accessed March 10, 2012). 2. For more on the cases against Marine Shale, see U.S. v. Marine Shale Processors, Inc. (W.D. LA), United States Department of Justice website, http://www.justice.gov/enrd/3639 .htm (accessed March 10, 2012); U.S. of America, et al., Plaintiffs, United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. Marine Shale Processors, Defendant-Appellee, Southern Wood Piedmont Company, Intervenor-Appellant, Cross-Appellee, No. 94-30419, April 18, 1996, http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-5th-circuit/1340583.html (accessed March 10, 2012). 3. Peggy Frankland interviewed Sally Herman in June 2000. 4. Peggy Frankland interviewed Fernell Cryar in June 2000. 5.At the time of these interviews, neuroblastoma was considered rare by doctors. In 2010, the incidence of neuroblastoma was“10.2 cases per million children under 15 years of age.” See John M. Maris,“Recent Advances in Neuroblastoma,” New England Journal of Medicine 362 (June 2010): 2202–11.Also available online at http://www.cncfhope.org/ Neuroblastoma_Research (accessed August 17, 2012). 6. Jennifer Abraham interviewed Barbara LeLeux in June 2000. 7. Jennifer Abraham interviewed Catherine Holcomb in June 2000. 8. Peggy Frankland interviewed Monica Mancuso in June 2000. 9. Peggy Frankland interviewed Helen Solar in June 2000. 10. Peggy Abraham interviewed Miriam Price in June...
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