Strangers on Their Native Soil: Opposition to United States' Governance in Louisiana's Orleans Territory, 1803-1809

Notes

runninghead •  • Introduction 1. Joseph G. Dawson, The Louisiana Governors (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990), 84. 2. Sarah Paradise Russell, “Cultural Conflicts and Common Interests: The Making of the Sugar Planter Class in Louisiana, 1759–1853” (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 2000), 53–56. 3. Address of the Colonists of Louisiana to Pierre Clément de Laussat, December 1803, Pierre Clément Laussat Papers, Historic New Orleans Collection; Petition of the Inhabitants of Louisiana to the American Commissioners, New Orleans, December(?) 1803, Laussat Papers. 4. John Preston Moore, Revolt in Louisiana: The Spanish Occupation, 1766–1770 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976), 103. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid., 113. 7. Ibid., 141. 8. Ibid., 145. 9. Ibid., 184. 10. Daniel Usner, Indians, Settlers and Slaves in a Frontier Exchange Economy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 119. 11. Ibid. 12. Arthur P. Whitaker, “The Commerce of Louisiana and the Floridas at the End of the Eighteenth Century,” Hispanic American Review 8(2) (May 1928): 192. 13. Ibid., 192–193. 14. Ibid. 15. Clinton N. Howard, The British Development of West Florida (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1947), 7–8. 16. Robert R. Rea, Major Robert Farmar of Mobile (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990), 35. 17. Ibid. 18. Howard, West Florida, 12. 19. Ibid., 11–12. 20. Rea, Major Robert Farmar, 41. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid. 24. Howard, West Florida, 28. Notes notes •  • 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Andrew McMichael, Atlantic Loyalties: Americans in Spanish West Florida, 1785–1810 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008), 15 28. Ibid. 29. Eric Beerman, Victory on the Mississippi, 1779, ed. and trans. Gilbert C. Din, in The Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial in Louisiana History, Vol. 2, The Spanish Presence in Louisiana, 1763–1803, ed. Gilbert C. Din (Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1996), 198. 30. Ibid., 200. 31. McMichael, Atlantic Loyalties, 16. 32. Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. Thomas Jefferson to Albert Gallatin, November 9, 1803, ibid., 100–101. 35. Thomas Jefferson to DeWitt Clinton, December 2, 1803, Thomas Jefferson Papers (Washington , D.C.: Library of Congress, 1974); Everett S. Brown, The Constitutional History of the Louisiana Purchase (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1920), 98. 36. Clarence Carter, ed., The Territorial Papers of the United States, Vol. 9, The Territory of Orleans, 1803–1812 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1940), 89. 37. Glover Moore, The Missouri Controversy, 1819–1821 (Louisville: University of Kentucky Press, 1953), 271. Chapter  1. John G. Clark, New Orleans, 1718–1812: An Economic History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970), 58. 2. Usner, Indians, Settlers and Slaves, 108. 3. Alexander DeConde, This Affair of Louisiana (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), 32. 4. Ibid., 33. 5. Lewis W. Newton, The Americanization of French Louisiana: A Study of the Process of Adjustment Between the French and the Anglo-American Populations of Louisiana, 1803–1860 (New York: Arno Press, 1980), 12. 6. Ibid. 7. DeConde, This Affair of Louisiana, 34–35. 8. It is estimated that the value of the 1801 cotton crop at New Orleans surpassed $800,000. Sugar was first successfully mass-produced in Louisiana on the plantation of Etienne de Boré, in 1795. By the time of the Louisiana Purchase there were sixty to seventy sugar plantations on both banks of the Mississippi around New Orleans that produced roughly 5.3 million pounds of sugar. The cotton and sugar boom increased the need for agricultural goods from the western United States. The “upriver” trade, which brought flour and whiskey to New Orleans, was valued in excess of $1 million in 1799. Clark, New Orleans, 209–219; James Pitot, Observations on the notes •  • Colony of Louisiana, 1796–1802, trans. Henry C. Pitot (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979), 60. 9. Clark, New Orleans, 209. 10. The elder Daniel Clark lived in West Florida before he established himself in New Orleans . Governor George Johnstone appointed him receiver general of quit-rents on the governing council. Cecil Johnson, British West Florida, 1763–1783 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1943), 62, 72. 11. Nolan Harmon Jr., The Famous Case of Myra Clark Gaines (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1946), 10. 12. Daniel Coxe was the younger brother of Tench Coxe. Tench Coxe became Daniel Clark’s “Philadelphia agent. . . . He negotiated the purchase of ships required for Daniel’s voyages, took out insurance on the...