Two Books of the Elements of Universal Jurisprudence

Index

407 index abandonment: of children, 111; of property, 67, 78–80, 82–83 abortion, 28–29 absolute estimate of moral actions, 247–48. See also moral sphere absolute or pure promises, 120 absolute rule: answers to arguments against, 394–98; defined, 387–88; imperfect mutuality of obligation regarding, 113–14; limited rule vs., 390–91; tyrants, legitimacy of overthrowing , 392–94 acquisition of property, 64–80; burdensome modes of, 68–70; derelict or abandoned property, 67, 78–80; by donation, 64, 66–70; illegitimate modes of, 73–78; increments and fruits of things acquired by owner, 70–71; industry, things produced by, 70–71; lucrative modes of, 66–68; occupation as original mode of, 62– 64; production of a thing out of materials owned by another, 71–73; by succession, 64–66 (see also inheritance ); time, elimination of fault in acquisition through passage of, 74– 76; in trust, 66–67; in war, 68, 69– 70, 74 actual imputation vs. imputability, 286 Adam, naming of things by, 361 adopted children, 380 adultery, 208, 303, 352, 356 adventitious obligation, 109 advice or counsel, 105 advocates, restitution owed by, 355 Aelian-Sentian law, 232 Aeneid (Virgil), 49n5, 330n6 affections: of moral actions, 233–34; of sovereigns and sovereignty, 387–89 affirmative law, 227–28, 260–61 agents: relative estimate of moral actions from status and condition of, 258 Agesilaos (Spartan king), 189n50 agio, 195 Alexander the Great, 183, 185, 292 alienation of property, right of, 79–80 allowed actions, 308 alluvium, 71 ambassadors, 227, 347 Ammonites, 397 Analysis Aristotelica (Weigel), x, 8n4, 9n5, 10n7, 24n1, 235n1, 284n1 animals: human dominion over, 57– 60; nonownability of wild animals, 82; nonsocial life as life of, 320–22; obligation to, 142 antecedent conscience, 301 Antoninus, 295 aptitudes, 88, 93 Aquila, law of, 95 Aquinas. See Thomas Aquinas arbitration, 144–45, 147, 358–59 aristocracy: esteem for, 97; monarchy preferred over rule by, 388; moral personage by virtue of, 41; titles, 86 408 index Aristotle: Analysis Aristotelica (Weigel), x, 8n4, 9n5, 10n7, 24n1, 235n1, 284n1; on common axioms, 283n1; Euclidean Aristotelianism, ix–x, xiv– xv, 9–10; fear, actions arising from, 136n17; on ignorance, 305nn4–5; on imputation, 309n3; on justice/injustice , 240n3, 246n8; on language and sociability, 361n25; on law, 203n2; Metaphysics, xn2, 19n1, 283n1; on moral actions, 19n1, 22n7; Nichomachean Ethics, 7–8, 22n7, 106n1, 136n17, 240n3, 246n8, 305nn4–5, 307n1, 309n3, 311n4; Politics, 61n22, 361n25; Posterior Analytics, 8n4, 10n7, 283n1; on property, 61n22; on uncertainty in matters of morality, 7–8; on the will, 307n1, 311n4 army: self-mutilation to avoid, 131; as society in uniform, 42. See also war Arumeus, Dominicus, 391n22 assistance, treaties of mutual, 186 assisting principles, 103 Augustine of Hippo, 169n40, 238n4 Aurelius, Marcus, 316n1 authority: as assisting principle of moral action, 103; defined, 295–96; derived from will of another person, 230–31; effectiveness and legitimacy of, 296–97; effect of, 90; in ends as in means, 232; of God regarding obligation of natural law, 326; in greater things applying to lesser things, 231–32; inequality of obligation regarding, 109–10; internal vs. external, 230; liberty vs. sovereignty, 89–90; in marriage, 370–71, 397; as moral power, 87, 229–32; as object of moral actions, 87–90; order vs. counsel, 104–5; people, ultimate authority not always held by, 391– 92; perfect vs. imperfect, 87–88; personal vs. communicable, 88; over property of others, 90. See also legislators ; magistrates; sovereigns and sovereignty Autolycus, 264 avoidance of moral actions, imputation of, 293–94 axioms in Elements, xii, 283–85 bad actions. See sin bail, 179–81 Barbeyrac, Jean, 108–9n1 Barclay, William, 393n24 bare assertions, 117 bare imputation, 285–86 barter and exchange, 100–101, 195 base things, no obligations regarding, 161–64, 171 beasts. See animals benefactors, gratitude toward, 359–60 beneficial contracts, 190–92 Benzoni, Girolamo, 377n7 bestiality, avoiding, 333 Bible. See Scripture birth, rights before, 27–30 bodily harm, duty not to inflict, 350–51 Bodin, Jean, 384n15, 388n18, 392n23 bond not to offend in future, 269–72 booty of war, 68, 69–70, 82 Branchidae, 292–93 breach of the peace, 73 Browne, Thomas, 42n2 brute beasts. See animals burdensome contracts, 192–98 burdensome modes of acquisition of property, 68–70 Cadmea, 189 cambium, 195 capital punishment: for hostages, 175; no obligation to suffer, 160–61; pregnant women, not exercised on, 274; testification, oaths of, 169 Carneades, 330n5 Carr, Craig L., xix Cassius, 101 [13.59.218.147] Project...