The Free Sea

Index, p. 137

137 index An Abridgement of All Sea-Lawes, xviii, xxiii–xxiv, 78 abstinence, law of, xiii Accursius (glossator): on custom, 42; on public use, 104 acquisition, first, 109 Aethiopia, sea trade with, 34 Afonso de Castro, Martin, 61–62 Africa, navigation around, 48 Alexander the Great, 34, 58 Alexander the Sixth, Pope: donation of, 15–17, 38–39, 52 Alfenus Varus, P., 115 Alvarotus, Jacobus, 32 ambassadors, admittance of, 106 Ambrose: on use of sea, 29, 30; on usurpation, 43 Americas, dominion over, xv–xvi Amerindians: conversion of, 19; Spanish war with, 18 Angelus de Ubaldis: on prescription, 40, 41, 43, 45; on use of sea, 126 Anglo-Dutch colonial conferences, xxii Anne of Denmark, xxiii antiquity: common use in, 20–22; dominion in, 20–21, 22; navigation in, 34–35 Antoninus Pius, constitution of, 92; on fishing rights, 68, 99 Apollinaris, 28, 29 appropriation, Locke on, xvii Arabia, gulf of, 34, 35 Aristo (jurist), 108 Aristotle: on natural law, 107; on proofs, 115–16; on trade, 49, 50 Asia, navigation to, 48 Athenaeus, 26, 84 Athens, war with Magarensians, 12 Augustine, on war, 58, 59 Augustus, Emperor: embassies from Indies, 35 Balbus, Joannes Franciscus: on prescription , 41, 45 Baldus de Ubaldis, 12, 71; on dominion over sea, 67 barbarians, dominion over, 17–20 barriers, on maritime estates, 120, 121. See also shore: access to Bartolus of Sassoferrato, 71 Belgae, country laws of, 8 Boethius, 18 Bosphorus, maritime estates of, 121 Bretons, as merchant adventurers, 36 building: as occupation, 27; on shore, 68, 84, 101, 102, 117 Cadiz (Gades), 34 Caelius Antipater, 34 Caesar, Julius, 129 Cajetanus, on papal authority, 17 Cape of Good Hope (Cape de Bona Esperanza), voyages around, 35, 48 138 index Carthaginians, sea voyages of, 35 Castrensis, Alphonsus, 43 Castrensis, Paulus, 40, 41 Celsus: on access to sea, 88; on access to shore, 27, 89–90, 103, 129; on common use, 30; on private use, 28 Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 19, 114 chattels, dominion over, 22, 23 China, trade with East Indies, 54 Cicero: on common use, 21, 24–26, 67, 73; On Duties, 122; on occupation , 23; on praetors, 101; on property , 24, 82, 85; on warfare, 57, 59– 60 civil law: access to sea under, 99; common use under, 104; damages under, 97; fishing rights under, 98; versus law of nations, 107; prescription under, 39, 45; role of princes in, 100 Claudius, Emperor: embassies from Sumatra, 35 Columella, 28 common law, right of navigation in, 37 common use, 6; in antiquity, 20–22; Cicero on, 21, 24–26, 67, 73; under civil law, 104; hindrance of, 27, 104; in law of nations, 104; within nations, 69; in natural law, 21, 24–26, 89, 99, 116; and occupation , 27; prescriptions of, 41– 42, 45; and public use, 6, 89, 92– 93; in Scripture, 83, 87; of shore, 27, 68, 80, 122; in trade, 56. See also property, common; sea, common use of commonwealths: common use in, 69; institution of, 24; prescriptions in, 41; private property in, 24 community: Grotius on, xix; natural, xvi, 85 contract, right of, 53 corn, engrossing of, 56 Cornelius Nepos, 35 Council of Toledo, 18 Cowell, John: “On the division of property,” 114 Crusades, right of passage in, 12 custom: as positive law, 43; and prescription , 42, 53 damages, action for, 97 David (king of Israel), 92 De dominio maris, xxiii “Defense of Chapter V of the Mare Liberum,” xix, xxiii, xxiv, 77–130 De Jure Belli ac Pacis, xix De Jure Praedae Commentarius, xiii, xiv, 77 Demosthenes, 57 Digest, Grotius’s use of, xv discovery, in right of trade, 51 diverticula: Leo on, 121; as property, 119; of rivers, 117, 118; of sea, 117, 118, 119 divine law, 6; and law of princes, 99– 100; natural law under, 130 dominion: in antiquity, 20–21, 22; over barbarians, 17–20; over chattels , 22, 23; conferral by grace, xv; over immovables, 22, 23; in law of nations, 130; by papal donation, 15–17; and right of navigation, 20– 38; through warfare, 17–20. See also imperium dominium (ownership), xiii; versus imperium, 129; under papal donation , xvi, xvii; through possessio, xvi. See also possession Dutch East India Company (VOC): access to East Indies, xxii; in cap- index 139 ture of Sta. Catarina, xiii; justification of rights, xviii; prizes of, xiv; Zeeland Chamber of, xii East Indians, xv–xvi; right to sovereignty , 14–15; trade with, 51–60; trade with China...