Notes Preface 1. White was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Clinton and the National Geographic Society’s highest award, the Hubbard Medal, among other tributes to his work on water resources, natural hazards, and the environment. 2. William H. Whyte, The Last Landscape (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968); the book was republished by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2002. Introduction 1. Boston & Maine Railroad, “Valley of the Connecticut and Northern Vermont” (1901), reprinted in W. D. Wetherell, ed., This American River: Five Centuries of Writing about the Connecticut (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2002). 2. Bill McKibben, “The Conte Refuge” (1995), reprinted ibid., 287. 3. WilliamCronon,Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill & Wang, 1983). Old riverside town names today recall the importance of the natural meadows of the Connecticut River lowlands to early English settlers: Springfield , Longmeadow, Enfield, Suffield, Westfield, and Northfield. (The “field” place-name tradition was continued in the 1960s with construction of “Eastfield Mall.”) 4. The gradual displacement of Native populations by the colonists generated much suffering on both sides and occasional outright conflict, most notably the 1675 Native rebellion known as King Philip’s War. 5. Cronon, Changes in the Land, 33. 6. Paul Zielbauer, “Poverty in a Land of Plenty: Can Hartford Ever Recover?” New York Times, August 26, 2002. 7. Catherine Tumber, Small, Gritty, and Green: The Promise of America’s Smaller Industrial Cities in a Low-Carbon World (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012), 28. 8. Alan Mallach, ed., Rebuilding America’s Legacy Cities: New Directions for the Industrial Heartland (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012); for information on Park River Initiative, see www.parkwatershed.org/about-us/. 9. Information available at www.nuestras-raices.org/; Tumber, Small, Gritty, and Green, 85–87. 10. Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1991). 11. According to Wikipedia, Co-op City today is 55% African American, 25% Hispanic and 20% non-Hispanic white. 12. Paul S. Grogan and Tony Proscio, Comeback Cities A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000). 13. New York City Department of Planning, PlaNYC: A Greener, Greater New York, 2007, www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/theplan/the-plan.shtml. 14. Michael Kimmelman, “River of Hope in the Bronx,” New York Times, July 12, 2012. 252 Notes to Pages 4–18 15. The editors of the New York Times wryly observed: “Any city gets what it admires, will pay for, and, ultimately, deserves. Even when we had Penn Station, we couldn’t afford to keep it clean. We want and deserve tin-can architecture in a tinhorn culture. And we will probably be judged not by the monuments we build but by those we have destroyed.” Editorial , “Farewell to Penn Station,” New York Times, October 30, 1963. 16. As I recount in the preface, the concept of humane urbanism was loosely derived from the work of William H. Whyte, memorialized in the 2002 Humane Metropolis Conference in New York City, which was supported by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Laurence S. Rockefeller, and other sources. That conference led to the volume The Humane Metropolis: People and Nature in the 21st-Century City (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006), which I edited and which in turn was the template for three additional Humane Metropolis symposia, in Pittsburgh, Riverside (California), and Baltimore, all sponsored by the Lincoln Institute. 17. Tumber, Small, Gritty, and Green. 18. Joel Kotkin, The New Geography: How the Digital Revolution is Reshaping the American Landscape (New York: Random House, 2000). 19. Don Peck, “Can the Middle Class be Saved?,” Atlantic, September 2011, 60–78. 20. Nicholas Lemann, “Get Out of Town,” New Yorker, June 27, 2011, 79 (emphasis added). 21. Paul S. Grogan and Tony Proscio, Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000), 101 (emphasis added). 22. Kotkin, New Geography, 59. 23. Jennifer Wolch, “Green Urban Worlds,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97.2 (2007): 373–84, quot. 374. 1. American Cities in 1900 1. In 1900, approximately 60% of the U.S. population (45.4 million) lived on farms or in villages, while the other 40% (30.4 million) was classified as “urban.” 2. Erik Larson, The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America (New York: Random House, 2003). 3. Jon C. Teaford, The Twentieth-Century American City, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns...