Religious Liberty in America: The First Amendment in Historical and Contemporary Perspective

Index

199 Index Abington School District v. Schempp (1963), 94–95, 108, 157, 168 Abolitionist movement, 1, 30, 56, 131 abortion: Alito on Constitution and, 162, 163; Catholic Supreme Court justices and, 163–64; Faith-Based Initiatives and, 127; fundamentalist rejection of, 33; in polarization of Americans, 77; religious people seen as defined by attitude toward, 24; September, 11, 2001, attacks attributed to, 87; and teaching about religion in public schools, 109 Abramoff, Jack, 2 accommodationism, 141–42 ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ACLU of New Jersey v. Black Horse Pike Regional Board of Education (3rd Cir. 1995), 166 ACLU v. Schundler (3rd Cir. 1999), 165, 166 activism, judicial, 169 Adams, John, 49, 110 Adkins, Julie, 116 African Americans: Bush’s Faith-Based Initiatives and, 130, 131; and civil religion, 60–61; Civil Rights Movement, 1, 30, 59–61, 64 agnosticism, 4 Alabama: moment of silence policy in, 107, 141; Ten Commandments controversy in, 35, 36, 69, 78, 88–89 Alison, Francis, 56 Alito, Samuel: on abortion as not constitutionally protected, 162, 163; on ACLU of New Jersey v. Black Horse Pike Regional Board of Education, 166; on ACLU v. Schundler, 165, 166; as Catholic, 163; on C.H. v. Oliva, 100, 102; as conservative, 163; death penalty supported by, 164; on Establishment Clause, 166; on Fraternal Order of Police, Newark Lodge No. 12; Faruq Abdul-Aziz and Shakoor Mustafa v. City of Newark, 167; on Free Exercise Clause, 167; on Gonzales v. Carhart, 164; on Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation, 128; as Italian, 182n.84; on Schriro v. Landrigan, 164 Allegheny County v. ACLU (1989), 141–42, 144–45, 149, 151–52, 153–54, 165, 166, 168, 174n.61 Alliance Defense Fund, 69 All Saints Episcopal Church (Pasadena), xii American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU): ACLU of New Jersey v. Black Horse Pike Regional Board of Education, 166; ACLU v. Schundler, 165, 166; in Alabama controversy over Ten Commandments, 35; Allegheny County v. ACLU, 141–42, 144–45, 149, 151–52, 153–54, 165, 166, 168; in Los Angeles seal controversy, xii–xiii; September, 11, 2001, attacks attributed to, 87 American exceptionalism, 85 Americanization, 61–62, 64 American Jewish Congress v. Corporation of National and Community Service, 126, 129 American-Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 114 Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 35 Americans United for Separation of Church and State v. Prison Fellowship Ministries (2006), 128, 129 Amish, 10 Anglican Church (Church of England): in diversity of sects, 17; as established church, 9, 10, 11, 160; as “Old Light,” 8; Pilgrims on separation from, 7; Puritan influence on, 187n.38; Puritans on purification of, 8, 80; Williams on, 80, 82. See also Episcopal Church Antonovich, Mike, xiii “Appeal to the Public for Religious Liberty Against the Oppression of the Present Day, An” (Backus), 83 Arellano, Gustavo, 63 Aristotle, 45 Ashcroft, John, 137 assimilation, 61–62, 87, 182n.83 Association of Gospel Rescue Missions, 124 atheism: America’s religious identification, 4; and civil religion’s deity, 50; godless communism, 20, 68, 88; religious tests directed at, 16; September, 11, 2001, attacks attributed to, 87; Supreme Court upholding of religious diversity and, 142 Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood (2006), 163 Backus, Isaac, 83–84 Bacon, John, 106 Baker, Craig, 92 Baldwin, Lewis, 59–60 Baltimore, George Calvert, Lord, 10 Baptists: in diversity of sects, 17; largest denominations in U.S., 28, 28; minimal influence in colonial period, 10; as “New Light,” 8; Puritan influence on, 187n.38; Southern Baptists, 28, 28, 104 Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, 69 Bellah, Robert: on broken covenant, 55, 59; on Calvin’s Geneva, 52; on civil religion, 32, 43, 45, 46, 50, 70–71, 74–75, 76, 184n.125; on conservative religious people, 31; on corporate values versus civil religion, 55; on Declaration of Independence, 48; on decline of “AngloSaxons ,” 64, 183n.94; on individual piety and public virtue, 51; on Lincoln, 57; on pathological religious belief, 34–35; on public and private expressions of religion, 30; on rationalist and non-rationalist views of religion, 26; on reductionism, 178n.42; religion as defined by, 26; on religion as evolutionary advance, 175n.3; on religious individualism, 31; on threats to religious symbols, 37; on worldly success and salvation, 54 Bible, the: biblical Christianity, 31; and free exercise of religion in public schools, 102; fundamentalism on, 33; King James version, 98; Puritans and, 47; as sole authority for Protestants, 86; Supreme 200 | Index Court on reading in public schools, 94–95, 97, 157; Williams’s...