Out of the Attic: Inventing Antiques in Twentieth-Century New England

Index and About the Author

<฀ 253 Index < Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. accuracy, 113, 158 and Gardner House, 113–14, 117–18 and gender, 189–90 and period rooms, 118, 187, 188–89 and Smithsonian displays, 188, 191, 202 see also authenticity advertisements, 9, 33, 61, 83–84, 88–89 in Antiques magazine, 49, 51, 52, 71–73, 74, 84, 152 by Israel Sack, 53, 71–73, 74 for reproduction furniture, 49, 84 advertising industry, 71 aesthetic standards for antiques, 3– 4, 6–7, 30–34, 208 challenges to, 12, 167, 188 and consumerism, 7, 11, 18–19, 55 dealers and, 18, 27–28, 74, 150 decline of, 211–13 difficulties of, for collectors, 18, 33–34, 37–39, 47–49, 55 and eclipse of associational meanings, 10–11, 18, 25–26, 55 emergence of, 6, 10–11, 17–18, 24–28 erosion of local histories by, 14– 15, 133 Flynts and, 132, 150–52, 155–61 Gardners and, 95–97, 117, 119– 22, 124–25, 129, 151–52 and labeled pieces, 32–34 and national pride, 11, 152, 166 and pricing, 30, 35–36, 37–38 254฀ = Index see also Winchester, Alice Antiques and Fine Art magazine, 212 Antiques Dealer, 53 Antiques Roadshow, 7, 205–7, 210–11 anti-Semitism, 63–64, 75, 97, 100 Appleton, William Sumner, 53–54, 113, 118–19, 143, 189 Arbaugh, George Washington, 198 Aronovsky, Abraham, 87 art history, 3–4, 31, 34, 217n14 Art Institute of Chicago, 53, 68 art museums, 3, 13, 34, 53, 68 period rooms in, 2, 3, 8, 50, 70, 118–19, 177, 187 see also specific museums Arts and Crafts, 25, 49, 102, 140–42, 143, 160 Ashley House (Deerfield, Mass.), 132, 145, 146, 147, 157, 158, 164 associational meanings, 4, 10, 20–22, 30, 175, 178 C. Malcolm Watkins and, 169, 188, 201 eclipse of, 3, 10–11, 18, 25–26, 55, 172 George Sheldon and, 139–40, 166, 201 persistence of, 30–37, 171, 206–7 and selling price, 31–32 and sentiment, 26–27, 32, 35–36, 79–80, 207, 208 auction houses, 8, 39, 210, 218n23. See also American Art Association; Anderson Galleries auctions, 32, 58, 62, 73–75, 94, 210 high prices in some, 28–29, 70, 84, 209 see also eBay authenticity, 84, 158, 188–89, 212–13 architectural, 118 African-American history, 199 Allen, Margaret Harris, 153 Allen House (Deerfield, Mass.), 145, 150, 156, 157, 159, 163 Alpert, William, 77 American Art Association, 8, 29, 75, 218n23 American Collector, 31, 38, 60, 68, 171 American Heritage, 163–64 American History Workshop, 203 American Studies, 105 American Wing (of the Metropolitan Museum of Art), 2, 34, 50, 53–54, 91, 114 influence of, on American views of antiques, 34 period rooms in, 2, 3, 8, 50, 177, 187 Ames, Kenneth, 217n14 Anderson Galleries, 8, 29, 39, 70, 84, 218n23 Israel Sack and, 73–75 Andrus, Vincent D., 146 Antiquarian magazine, 26–27, 35, 63, 71, 76, 91 antique dealers. See dealers antique manuals. See manuals antiquers. See collectors antique shops, 8–9, 58. See also dealers Antiques magazine, 63, 86, 91, 163, 171, 183, 191 advertising in, 39, 71–73, 74 and aesthetic standards, 30, 132 dealers and, 63 on geographical considerations, 50, 52 and growth of national market, 52 on market value of antiques, 30, 32 move of, to New York City, 52 name changes of, 221n32 on reproduction furniture, 49, 84 <฀ 255 Index Gardners’ concern with, 112–13, 117–18, 129 and reproduction furniture, 84, 86 see also accuracy Ayres, Edward, 13 Baker, C. Alice, 141, 160–61 B. Altman & Co., 8, 164 Barclay, Isabella, 156 bargaining, 153–54 Barker, Henry Ames, 107, 117, 125 Barnard-Willard House (Deerfield, Mass.), 141 Batinski, Michael C., 139 Bell, Frances, 28 Bellamy-Ferriday House Museum, 39–41 Bickford, Christopher, 213 Bigelow, Francis Hill, 23 Billings, Louisa, 153 Blaney, Dwight, 23 Bolles, Eugene, 23, 46, 69, 77 Boris, Eileen, 140 Boston, 23, 52, 181 antique dealers in, 13, 25, 39, 44, 58, 181 (see also Flayderman, Philip; Sack, Israel) Jewish community in, 66 Museum of Fine Arts in, 3, 23, 114, 118 Boyden, Frank, 142–43, 144, 147–48 Brainard, Morgan, 86 Brewster, Isabel Erskine, 26 Brine, Mary, 79 Brooklyn Dining Room (Smithsonian exhibit), 202 Brooklyn Museum, 91, 171, 177 Brooks, Van Wyck, 105 Brown, Albert F., 114 Brown, Dona, 13 Brown, Dudley, 171–72 Brown University, 95, 129, 209 and Gardner House, 95, 98, 104– 6, 109, 114, 123, 126–27, 129 Buckley, Peter, 9 Byard, John Kenneth, 154–55, 160–61 cabinetmakers, 33, 64, 82–89 Canfield, Richard, 23–24 capitalism, 10, 132. See also commodities Carmichael, Leonard, 181 Carpenter, Ralph, 163 Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, 19–21 ceramics, 44, 169, 171–72 Chamberlain, Samuel, 149, 150, 159, 191 Charleston, S.C., 50 Chicago World’s Fair (1893), 175 China Students’ Club, 10 Chippendale style, 25, 29, 31, 35–36, 69, 87, 209 Flynts and, 157, 160 Gardners and, 97, 98, 122 Christian Science Monitor, 163 Christie’s, 39 City Art Museum of St. Louis, 53, 68 City Beautiful movement, 125–26 Clark, A. Howard, 175 Cleveland Museum of Art, 23 Clifford, C. R., 45 Cloran, Edward F., 44 Cogswell’s Grant, 156 Colchester, Conn., 60–61 cold war, 131–32, 148–50 Coleman, Lawrence Vail, 119, 123–24 collectors: and aesthetic standards, 6, 18, 24– 28, 30–34, 37–38, 47–49, 55, 151–52, 166 256฀ = Index 201, 242n25. See also Copp Collection Copp Collection, 174–77, 179, 195, 200 Cornelius, Charles Over, 38 Cortissoz, Royal, 34 craftsman, cult of the, 32–33 Crowninshield, Edward Augustus, 44, 70 “cultural history” (term), 187 culture, national. See national culture Cummings, Abbott Lowell, 204 Daniels, Roger, 59 Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 21, 104 David, Leon, 54, 58 Davis, C. K., 75 Davis, Cummings, 9–10 dealers, 17–18 acquisitions by, 27–28, 68–71, 73–75, 76–77, 80 and aesthetic standards, 18, 27– 28, 150, 156 and associational meanings, 21– 22, 25–26 in Boston, 25, 39, 44, 58, 181 (see also Flayderman, Philip; Sack, Israel) and development of national market , 13, 51, 52–53 Gardners and, 97–98 in Great Depression, 61, 73–75, 80, 103 Jewish immigrants as, 14, 58–59, 60–64, 76–81, 89 (see also Sack, Israel) in New York City, 13, 51, 52–53, 58, 83–84 power exercised by, 39 role of, in exposing fakes, 9, 45–46 age profile of, 210 ambivalence of some, 26–27 and associational meanings, 10, 30–37, 47, 206 and consumerism, 11, 99–102, 103 and dealers, 38–39, 63–64, 67–70, 76, 81 early, in New England, 3, 9–10, 22–28, 68–70 of everyday objects, 169–70 (see also Greenwood, Edna Hilburn; Ritter, Gertrude; Sheldon, George) hierarchy among, 27–28, 92, 121, 155–56 and hunt for antiques, 39–43, 93– 94, 98–102 and patriotism, 35–36, 131–32 in recent decades, 205–14 and reproduction furniture, 84–86 see also individual collectors Collins, James, 124 Colonial Revival, 5, 6, 54, 84, 87, 141 Colonial Williamsburg, 50, 97, 149, 202, 213 commodities (antiques as), 6–7, 18– 19, 42–43, 55, 78–80, 99–102 and Antiques Roadshow, 207, 210 see also prices Connecticut Historical Society, 213 Conforti, Joseph, 13 consumer culture, 7–9, 11, 59, 76, 103. See also commodities Cook, Clarence, 102 Cooke, Brian, 142 Cooke, Helen Temple, 27, 81 Cooke, William J., 44 Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1–2, 3 Copp, John Brenton, 174–75, 176–77, <฀ 257 Index varied knowledge needed by, 63 “decorative arts” (term), 217n14 decorative arts scholarship, 211–13, 217n14 Deerfield, Mass., 14–15, 123, 131, 133 antiques in, 132, 133, 135–40, 151–61 Henry and Helen Flynt’s impact on, 132, 133, 142, 145–48, 155, 160–61, 165–66 history commemoration in, before 1940s, 132–41 as patriotic symbol, 148–49, 150–51 restoration in, 133, 141, 145–47, 158–60 tourists in, 143, 162 “Deerfield” furnishings, 164 Deerfield Inn, 132, 145, 152 de Forest, Robert W., 34 Delaware Log House (Smithsonian exhibit), 200–201, 248n137 Denenberg, Thomas, 48–49 department stores, 7–8, 9 design, schools of, 10–11. See also Chippendale style; Hepplewhite style; Queen Anne style; Sheraton style Detroit Institute of Arts, 53, 68 Dilworth, Leah, 94 dishonesty. See fakes and forgeries domesticity, canon of, 122–23 door-to-door collecting, 39–43 Doran, Mrs. Clementine Briggs, 44 Dow, Eugene, 182, 193, 196 Dow, George Francis, 114, 135, 182, 189–91, 192 Downs, Joseph, 50, 145, 155 Dralle, Lynn A., 208 Dubrow, Gail Lee, 189 Duke, Carolyn Coleman, 26–27 Duncan, Carol, 34 du Pont, Henry Francis, 13, 48, 92, 97, 156 and Israel Sack, 67–68, 75, 81 purchases by, 68, 156, 171, 197 Dwight-Barnard House, 159–60 Dyer, Walter, 39, 45, 64, 79 Early American Industries Association, 10, 169, 171, 219n30 eBay, 208–9 Ellis, Don, 206 Emlen, Robert, 21 Emmerton, Carolina, 123 English antiques, 35, 36, 80, 84, 145, 152 Epstein, Jorge, 197 Epstein, Joseph, 58, 78 Erving, Henry Wood, 23, 76 Essex Institute (Salem, Mass.), 135, 190 exporting, 6 from New England to other regions, 49, 51, 53, 194 fakes and forgeries, 43–49, 64, 84, 97, 161, 207. See also spurious antiques family antiques. See heirlooms farmers, 42–43 Farmer’s Museum (Cooperstown, N. Y.), 162 Ferriday, Caroline Woolsey, 39–41 Filene, Edward Albert, 243–44n48 Filene family, 180 Fineberg, Abraham, 88 Flayderman, Benjamin, 73–75, 80 Flayderman, Philip, 58, 81 auction of estate of, 28–29, 32, 58 as a high-end dealer, 27, 28, 32 Flynt, George C., 152 258฀ = Index and Jessie Barker Gardner, 91–92, 98, 102, 132 acquisitions by, 93–94, 95–102, 180 and aesthetic standards, 95–97, 117, 119–22, 124–25, 129, 151–52 as middle-class collectors, 14, 91–92 planning of, for Gardner House, 92, 94–95, 103–4, 119–21, 123 Gardner, Jessie Barker, 93, 95–99, 187, 211 anti-Semitism of, 64, 97 background of, 92, 95–96 and Gardner House furnishing, 119–27, 232n69 and Gardner House restoration, 107–19, 189 see also Gardner, George: and Jessie Barker Gardner Gardner House, 94–95, 103–4 Brown U. and, 95, 98, 104–6, 109, 114, 123, 126–27 financing of, 107–8 furnishing of, 119–27 prior history of, 106–7 restoration of, 107–19, 232n69 termite damage in, 128 Garvan, Anthony N. B., 196, 202–4, 247n114 Garvan, Francis P., 3, 84, 92, 105, 247n114 Gass, William E., 146, 158–59 Gelber, Steven, 10 George Washington University, 105 Ginsburg, John, 58. See also Ginsburg & Levy Ginsburg & Levy, 33, 58, 145 Girl Scouts of America, 33, 92 Flynt, Helen Geier, 146–47, 152–53 background of, 145 and Henry N. Flynt, 148 and aesthetic standards, 132, 150–51, 155–61 antiques purchased by, 132, 151–61 impact of, on Deerfield, 132, 133, 142, 145–48, 155, 160–61, 165–66 and restoration, 133, 145–47, 158–60 Flynt, Henry N., 131, 132, 133, 142, 144, 150–51, 174, 194 background of, 132, 143, 152 cold war patriotism of, 131–32, 140, 151, 161, 164 and commercial uses of Deerfield image, 164–65 see also Flynt, Helen Geier: and Henry N. Flynt Ford, Henry, 28, 48, 68, 75, 97, 152 and associational value, 28, 32 Israel Sack and, 32, 48, 68, 75 forgeries. See fakes and forgeries Francis, Sidney, 28 Frary House (Deerfield, Mass.), 123, 141, 160–61 Freedom Train, 149 French, Hollis, 23 Fuller, Elizabeth, 153, 160 Fuller, Mary, 153 furniture industry, 84–86 mechanization in, 82, 228n77 and reproductions, 48–49, 84–89, 164 Gardner, George, 92, 99–100, 110, 111–12, 121 and Gardner House restoration, 111–12, 115, 117 <฀ 259 Index glass, 171, 179 Goode, George Brown, 175–77 Gooding, Marguerite, 98–99 Great Depression, 61, 80, 103, 109, 171 antique prices in, 54, 73–75, 103 Greenfield Village (Dearborn, Mich.), 152 Greenwood, Arthur, 185 Greenwood, Edna Hilburn, 180–86, 189–90, 191, 196, 243–44n48 Gross, Leslie, 8 Grossman, Joseph, 58 Hadley chests, 23, 25, 141 haggling, 153–54 Halsey, R. T. H., 33, 114 handcraft movement, 140–41 Hartford, Conn., 23, 83–89 Harvard University, 105 Hatch, Richard, 165 Hawks, Mrs. Susan, 153 Heinze, Andrew, 59, 60 heirlooms, 19, 47, 102 tranformation of, into commodities , 7, 26–27, 32, 47, 77 Henry, Edward Lamson, 9 Hepplewhite style, 25, 31, 69 Heritage Foundation (Deerfield, Mass.), 148, 159, 160, 161, 165 naming of, 165–66 Hill, O. C., 17–18, 28 historic house museums, 5, 103–4, 115, 118, 123–25, 189 in Deerfield: see Ashley House; Dwight-Barnard House; Frary House; Sheldon-Hawks House; Wells-Thorn House see also Gardner House Historic New England, 156. See also Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities historic preservation, 117–19, 196, 232n67 changing nature of, 113, 189 and idea of “home,” 122–23 women and, 112–13, 141, 189–90, 199, 232n67 see also Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities history museums, 132, 213. See also historic house museums hobbies, 10. See also collectors Hogg, Ima, 53, 68, 156 Hosley, William, 23 Hosmer, Charles, 134–35, 146, 190 Hosmer, Walter, 46, 69 Huntley, Richard, 31 Hyde, J. A. Lloyd, 227–28n74 immigrants, 21, 142, 195, 199–200. See also Jewish immigrants Immigration Act of 1924, 67 Internet, 208–9, 210 Ipswich House (Smithsonian exhibit), 202–4 Isham, Norman, 23, 113, 114, 117, 118, 232n67 Israel Sack, Inc., 75, 205. See also Sack, Israel Jacobs, David, 58 Jacobs, Eli, 77 Jewish immigrants, 59–60, 65–66 as antique dealers, 14, 58–59, 60– 64, 76–81, 89 (see also Sack, Israel) as craftsmen, 82–89, 228n78 Jordan Marsh department store, 8, 9 junk trade, 60 260฀ = Index erosion of, by aesthetic standards, 14–15, 133 George Sheldon and, 135–40, 166, 201 Lockwood, Luke Vincent, 24–25 LoNano, Ernest, 160 Lunt, Mrs. Daniel, 202 Lyon, Charles Woolsey, 28, 45, 177 Lyon, Irving, 23, 24, 34, 46, 177 Macomber, Walter Mayo, 54 Magazine Antiques, The. See Antiques magazine Maine Antiques Digest, 209–10, 211 manuals, 8, 34 warnings of, against dishonest sellers, 39, 43 Margolis, Charles, 83 Margolis, Harold, 87, 223n78 Margolis, Jacob, 80, 83–84 Margolis, Nathan, 83–89 Margolis, Reuben, 80, 83 market value. See prices Massachusetts Bay House (Smithsonian exhibit), 196, 201, 202–3 material culture studies, 212–13 McKim, Charles F., 1 Mead, A. D., 105–6, 126, 127–28, 231n34 Mead, Edgar E., 46–47 mechanization, 82, 228n77 Memorial Hall (Deerfield, Mass.), 135, 136, 146–47, 161 Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2–3, 23, 33, 69, 96. See also American Wing “middle market,” 209–11 Miller, Ellen, 140 Miller, Marla R., 133, 140 Mintz, Steven, 203 Kammen, Michael, 5 Karolik, Martha Codman, 3 Karolik, Maxim, 3, 68 Kaufman, Hyman, 58 Kelly, Arthur F., 68, 81 Kelly, J. Frederick, 114, 190 Keno, Leigh, 206 Keno, Leslie, 206 Keyes, Homer Eaton, 30, 32, 33, 37, 52 King Hooper House (Marblehead, Mass.), 70–71 Kipper, Katrina, 97–98 Kulik, Gary, 176 labels, 32–34 Lackaye, Wilton, 38 Laidacker, Samuel, 172 Lanning, Anne Digan, 133, 140 Lawton, Frank J., 59 Leach, William, 7 Lears, T. J. Jackson, 7 Leeming, Preston, 108–9 Levy, Bernard, 153–54 Levy, Isaac, 58. See also Ginsburg & Levy Life magazine, 78, 79, 162, 163 Limerick, Patricia Nelson, 13 Lincoln, Abraham, 31–32, 188 Lincoln, Mary Todd, 2 Lindens, The (house moved from Danvers, Mass. to Washington , D.C.), 54, 236n105 Little, Amos, 182, 185 Little, Bertrand, 185 Little, Nina Fletcher, 156, 172, 185 Liverant, Arthur, 61, 227n64 Liverant, Nathan, 60–61 Liverant, Zeke, 61–63, 77, 78, 79–80, 227n64 local history: <฀ 261 Index Mitchell, Edwin Valentine, 79 Molinder, Ernest C., 46–47 Monkhouse, Christopher, 47 Monroe, James, 2 Monson, Mass., 143 Montgomery, Charles, 145, 155, 197 Morgan, J. P., 68 Morris, George Maurice, 54 Morris, Miriam Hubbard, 54, 194, 198, 236n105 Morris, William, 140 multiculturalism, 199–200 Mumford, Lewis, 105 Murphy, Katherine Prentice, 155– 56, 163 Murphy, Kevin, 189 Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, 50 museums, 38, 53, 94 and the market, 6–7, 11–12 and national pride, 3–5 see also art museums; history museums; Smithsonian Institution Myers, Louis Guerineau, 33 Mystic Seaport, 162 Nash, Clinton I., 44 National Council of Girl Scouts, 92 national culture, 4, 6, 169–70 and consumerism, 11 New England and, 13–14 National Early American Glass Club, 10 nationalism, 6. See also national culture ; patriotism Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City), 53, 54. See also William Rockhill Nelson Gallery New England, 49–54, 170–71 antique trade in: see antique shops; cabinetmakers; collectors ; dealers exporting of antiques from, 49, 51, 53, 194 and formation of national culture, 13–14 materials from, in Smithsonian exhibits, 177–79, 180, 186, 187, 188, 192, 194, 195–98, 202–4 and regional identity, 49–50 New England Kitchen (Philadelphia Centennial exhibit), 20, 219–20n3 Newman, Timothy C., 139 New York City, 9, 13, 52–53 antique dealers in, 13, 51, 52–53, 58, 83–84 auction houses in, 8, 28–30, 39 (see also American Art Association; Anderson Galleries) see also Brooklyn Museum; Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Herald Tribune, 163 New York Loan Exhibition of American Antiques (1929), 33 New York Sun, 8, 99 New York Times, 3, 28, 84, 167 Norman, Mrs. Charles, 102 Northend, Mary Harrod, 40 Nutting, Wallace, 25, 31, 46, 68, 76, 86 and reproduction furniture, 48– 49, 86 Old Indian House (Deerfield, Mass.), 134–35, 136, 158–59 Old Sturbridge Village, 162, 172–74, 180 262฀ = Index Palmer, George S., 3, 69–70, 81 Panic of 1893, 6 Parke-Bernet Galleries, 97 Parrington, Vernon Louis, 105 Parson Capen House (Topsfield, Mass.), 182, 190 patina, 48, 49, 223n76 patriotism, 165 and cold war, 131–32, 149–50 and preference for American antiques, 35, 36 in Smithsonian exhibits, 175, 176 Pearson, Joan, 194–95 Pendleton, Charles L., 3, 23–24, 81, 106 periodization, 31 period rooms, 135, 156, 187, 190 in art museums, 2, 3, 8, 50, 70, 91, 177, 187 in Deerfield, 135, 187 in historic houses, 70 in Smithsonian, 174, 177–78, 187–88, 191–94, 195–202 Perry, Marsden, 23, 24 Pewter Club, 10 Phillips, John Marshall, 155 Phyfe, Duncan, 33 “pickers,” 77–79, 208 Pioneer Village (Salem, Mass.), 190, 191, 192 Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (PVMA), 135, 139, 142, 160, 161 Pollack, Eileen, 86–87 Poore, Benjamin Perley, 9 porcelain, 44, 171 pottery, 171, 172, 195, 199 preservationists. See historic preservation prices, 41–43, 132, 171 determinants of, 30–37 difficulty of setting, 39 Great Depression and, 75 rising, in early twentieth century, 11, 18, 22, 28–30 Prime, Phoebe Phillips, 38 Providence, R.I., 21, 23–24, 125. See also Brown University; Gardner House Prown, Jules, 213 Putnam, Annie, 141 Queen Anne style, 25, 69, 120 Queen Anne’s War, 133 Rappaport, Barney, 87 redware, 171, 172 refinishing, 47–48 regional identity, 13, 49–50 Reifsnyder sale, 29, 30, 80 repair work. See restoration reproduction furniture, 48–49, 84– 89, 164 restoration, 82–84, 182, 190, 232n67 in Deerfield, 133, 141, 145–47, 158–60 of Gardner House, 107–19, 232n69 revival furniture, 1, 2. See also Colonial Revival Rhode Island School of Design, 3, 24, 81, 91, 106 Riddle, Theodate Pope, 86 Ritter, Gertrude, 177–79, 186, 194. See also Ritter Room Ritter Room (Smithsonian exhibit), 177–79, 180, 186, 187, 188 after refurbishing, 192, 195 Roberts, Kenneth L., 35–36 Rockefeller, Abby Green Aldrich, 92 Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 92, 104 Rockefeller, John D., III, 149–50 Rockefeller Foundation, 97 Roosevelt, Edith, 2 <฀ 263 Index Rosen, Joseph, 87 Rosenthal, Louis, 77 Rossiter House (Deerfield, Mass.), 145–46 Roth, Rodris, 47 rural tricksters, 43 Rushlight Club, 10, 169, 171, 186, 219n30 Ruskin, John, 140 Sack, Albert, 55, 67, 68, 75, 205, 227n64 Sack, Annie Goodwin, 66 Sack, Harold, 68–69, 71, 75, 78, 205 Sack, Israel, 48, 57–58, 64–67, 81, 194 acquisition of antiques by, 27–28, 68–71, 73–75, 76–77, 80 advertising by, 53, 71–73, 74 advice to collectors by, 38–39, 71– 73, 167, 168 as cabinetmaker, 64, 67, 82 death of, 205 and famous collectors, 32, 48, 67– 68, 75, 81 move of, to New York City, 52–53 Sack, Robert, 205 Sack family, 75–76, 209. See also individual members; Israel Sack, Inc. Sage, Mrs. Russell, 2–3 Salem, Mass., 114–15, 123, 182 Pioneer Village in, 190, 191, 192 Schinto, Jeanne, 82 Scribner’s magazine, 34, 102 sentiment, 26–27, 35–36, 79–80, 207–8 and associational meanings, 26– 27, 32, 35–36, 79–80, 207, 208 Sexton, D. R., 97 Seymour, George Dudley, 213 Shackleton, Robert and Elizabeth, 41 Sheldon, George, 135, 153, 201 commemoration of local history by, 135–40, 166, 201 death of, 142 period-room installation by, 135, 187 Sheldon, Jennie Maria Arms, 158 Sheldon-Hawks house (Deerfield, Mass.), 144, 146–47, 159 Sheraton style, 11, 25, 27, 31, 69, 120 Smith, Barbara Clark, 200 Smithsonian Institution, 186–87, 194, 202–4 depiction of everyday life in, 168– 69, 174, 186–88, 191–93, 198–99, 200, 204 financial constraints on, 170, 203 history displays in, before 1949, 74–80 New England materials in, 194, 195–98, 202–4 (see also Ritter Room) patriotism and, 175, 176 see also Watkins, C. Malcolm Smythe, J. Herbert, Jr., 53 social history, 169, 202 Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, 53, 104, 113, 143, 182, 189–90 Society of Blue and White Needlework (Deerfield, Mass.), 140–41 Sotheby’s, 39, 210 South, the, 49–52, 194 Spang, Peter, 160 Spaulding, Huldah Wellington, 28, 43–44 Sprague & Carleton, 164 spurious antiques, 45, 46–48, 69 Stephenson, William, 64 Stillinger, Elizabeth, 153 264฀ = Index Stone, Stanley, 68 Story Room (Smithsonian exhibit), 197–98 Stow, Charles Messer, 8 Taradash, Mitchell, 68 Taylor, Charles Hitchcock, 23 Taylor, Francis, 155 Taylor, Will Samuel, 114 termite damage (in Gardner House), 128 Time magazine, 44 Time Stone Farm, 182–85, 186, 191– 93, 196 Tishler, Samuel, 58, 65–66 tourism, historic, 162 Tuck, Fred Bishop, 21–22, 28, 48, 49–50 Turkey Hills Antique Shop, 28 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, Jr., 133–34 Vazdauskas, David, 210, 211 Wadsworth Atheneum, 68 Wall, Alexander J., 184 Walpole Society, 10, 24, 92, 225n17 Ward House (Essex Institute exhibit), 182, 190 Watkins, Charles Hadley, 170 Watkins, C. Malcolm, 15 challenge of, to dominant standards , 15, 167–69, 188, 212–13 collections inherited by, at Smithsonian, 174–80 emphasis of, on depicting everyday life, 168–69, 174, 186– 88, 191–93, 198–99, 200, 204 and geographical inclusiveness, 193–95, 198–99 influences on, 169–70, 171 (see also Watkins, Lura Woodside) nascent multiculturalism of, 199–200 New England background of, 167– 68, 170–71, 172–74 and New England materials for Smithsonian, 179, 186, 191– 93, 194, 195–98, 202–4 and social history, 15, 169, 202 Watkins, Lura Woodside, 170, 171, 172, 185, 201–2, 241n7 Watson, George, 174, 196–97 Watson, Victor, 155 Webb, Electra Havemeyer, 156 Webster, Gertrude Ritter. See Ritter, Gertrude Wedgwood Club, 10 Welch, Peter, 196 Wellington, Arthur W., 81 Wells, A. B., 172–73 Wells, George, 173 Wells-Thorn House (Deerfield, Mass.), 158 Westomere (New London, Conn.), 69–70 White House, 1–2 Whiting, Margaret, 140, 153 Whitlock’s Book Store (New Haven, Conn.), 30 Wiggin, J. T., 159 Willard, Aaron, 100, 101 William Rockhill Nelson Gallery (Kansas City), 68. See also Nelson-Atkins Museum Williamsburg Antiques and Decorations Forum, 50 Winchester, Alice, 155, 156, 163, 172, 195 Wineck, Samuel, 83 Winterthur Museum, 13, 77, 81, 145, 195, 197 women: <฀ 265 Index and City Beautiful movement, 125 as collectors, 22–23 and craftwork, 140–41 and historic preservation, 112–13, 141, 189–90, 199, 232n67 Yale University, 3, 84, 105 Yankee magazine, 162 Zea, Philip, 156 < BRIANN G. GREENFIELD is an associate professor of history at Central Connecticut State University, where she administers the Public History Program. She received her PhD in American Civilization from Brown University and a master’s degree in Museum Studies/American Civilization, also from Brown. She has worked for several museums and historical societies , including the Slater Mill Historic Site and Historic New England, and currently serves as a board member for the Connecticut Humanities Council. Originally from Gilmanton, New Hampshire, she now lives in New Britain, Connecticut, with her husband, Morgan Hanna. ...