181 Notes { Introduction and methodology 1. The AP story is posted at www.ballykilcline.com/blood.html. 2. Thanks to Ruth-Ann Harris, an editor of that series, who supplied me with a database of Kilglass people whose ads—more than seventy-five of them—are extracted there, a number of them placed by immigrants who lived in Rutland. 3. The manufacturing schedule supplements the population census; such information was first taken in 1810. In 1850, for instance, information was collected when a company’s yearly gross product totaled at least $500. Manufacturing data is used in forecasting and tracking economic output. 4. There were, for instance, several John Hanleys in Rutland, several John Stewarts, and two pairs of Michael and James Foleys. In some instances, when the information was available, the individuals could be distinguished from each other in the records by approximate birth date or spouse’s name. 5. The parish census presented information in columns without headings. It is my conclusion that the first column referred to employer: marble operations existed in West Rutland under each of the names listed there. Internal evidence pointed to that conclusion as well: different names were listed in column one for several people in the same household, eliminating the possibility therefore that it referred to the street where the household was located. Where the abbreviation “Co” was used, I believe it referred to the Rutland Marble Co., one of the largest in the town. 1. The Story of Ballykilcline 1. In Ireland, there were civil administrative units called parishes, as well as the religious units also known as parishes. 2. The society has a website at www.ballykilcline.com and a newsletter, The Bonfire. 3. Thanks to historian Kevin Whelan for directing my attention to Tyler Anbinder’s Five Points work. 4. “The “Plantation” or “Irish” acre was approximately 1.6 times the area of the newer “Statute” acre.” The Cromwellian and Williamite surveys were done in English Statute measure (i.e., acres, roods, perches), whereas the Irish acre dated to Tudor times (Scally 1995, pp. 239, 17). 5. Thanks to Elaine Swanson Forman, who posted the townland’s Elphin (Synge) Census at www.ballykilcline.com. 6. Those who did not pay were Thomas Fitzmaurice, Thomas Magan, John Quinn, Patrick and Bartholomew Neary, Patrick McCormick, J. Wynne, and Denis Connor (Commissioners of Woods and Forests, pp. 10–13). 7. Scally named the Defendants as Bartholomew Narry, Patrick Narry, Patrick Croghan, Richard Padian, Terence Connor, Patrick Colligan, Michael Connor, John Connor, Patrick Stewart, James Stewart, James Reynolds, Joseph Reynolds, Hugh McDermott, and Bernard McDermott (1995, p. 244), evidently from their listing in a document from the Court of Exchequer. Elsewhere, however , Scally sometimes identified still another tenant, Mark Nary, as a Defendant (1995, pp. 244, 78). Two Patrick Colligans lived in Ballykilcline. 8. The Crown had booked passages from Liverpool for the evictees on these ships: the Roscius, Metoka, Jane Classon, Creole, Channing, Laconic, and Progress. The first one left in September 1847; the last sailed for New York City in late April 1848. 9. Two of Mahon’s ships had the highest mortality of the more than four hundred ships arriving that summer with sizable passenger lists. Calculation of the overall number of deaths among Mahon’s emigrants is based on figures about Mahon’s ship passengers in Campbell 1994; information about deaths on each ship was collected at Grosse Ile and published in Charbonneau and Drolet-Dube 1997. 10. The Orange Order was founded in 1795 by Protestants as a counterweight to Irish Catholics’ secret societies and to memorialize King William III and the Battle of the Boyne. It did much to exacerbate sectarian tensions. In 1825, the government had sought unsuccessfully to suppress it as a threat to social order. 11. Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) led an English army to Ireland in 1649 and presided at the siege of Drogheda, where many Irish were slain. He became England’s lord lieutenant in Ireland. His name is linked to the suppression of Irish Catholics—their capture, punishment, death, or transportation and the confiscation of their lands. 12. The known record does not identify this family. 2. Shifting Ground in Roscommon 1. Many records were moved and hidden or lost in the eighteenth century as the clergy acted to protect the people, according to a personal communication with the parish priest at Carra church, County Kildare, 1993. Thus, even church documents recording a family’s history are hard...