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Contents acknowledgments . ix Introduction . 1 Chapter oNe In the Beginning: early resistance among enslaved and Free Women, 1721–1870 . 11 Chapter two No Wash or Pass: Institution Building, migration, and Protest, 1867–1918 . 38 Chapter three When We Were Just Girls: rural life Challenges in Black Belt alabama and Pre-apartheid south africa, 1920s–1940s . 62 Chapter four “looking for better”: montgomery, Johannesburg, and the Urban Context, 1920s–1940s . 99 Chapter fIve “my politics were influenced from the trade union”: raising Political Consciousness, 1930s–1940s . 118 Chapter sIx launching New Networks: Black Women organizing for Change, 1940–1950 . 148 Chapter seveN “Put my foot in the road and walked!”: Black Women lead the montgomery Bus Boycott, 1950–1961 . 179 .{ viii }. CoNteNts Chapter eIght “We will not ride!”-“We don’t want passes!”: south african Women rising in Political movement, 1950–1960 . 202 Conclusion . 239 Notes . 247 Index . 293 Illustrations follow page 98. ...

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