Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum

INDEX

index 9 Abrams, Harry N., 139 Abstract Design in American Quilts (exhibition), 136 abstraction, 7, 98, 137, 180n87 ACA Gallery, 84 Acts of Art gallery, 84, 181n96 Adams, Ansel, 78 Adams, Cedric: Lion, Lioness, and Cub, 127, 129 Addison Gallery of American Art, 174n62 Africa: art of, 7, 90–91, 165n6, 183n8; cultural heritage of, 4, 5, 11, 82, 91, 165n6; First World Festival of Negro Arts in, 182n4 African American Representations of Masculinity exhibition (AARM), 126–34; art works in, 126, 130–31; declaration of, 128; as response to Black Male, 15, 126, 131–32 African Negro Art (exhibition), 24–25, 171n17 Afro-American Artists: New York and Boston (exhibition), 81–82, 90 Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum (Philadelphia), 84 Afro-American Zulu Dancers, 91 Page numbers in italics signify illustrations. Albers, Josef, 149 Albert McNeil Singers, 91 Aldridge, Cathy, 63–64 Alloway, Lawrence, 105 Alston, Charles H., 24, 74, 170n16, 178n56; and Harlem Art Workshop, 23, 170n14; on race-based shows, 43, 159 American Federation of Arts, 191n7 American Jewish Congress, 69 American Negro Art: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (exhibition), 32, 45 American Scene painting, 12, 23 American Sources of Modern Art (exhibition), 24 Amistad II: Afro American Art (exhibition), 99 Amos, Emma, 178n56 Anacostia Museum of Culture and History, 84 Andrews, Benny, 14, 72–74, 80–81, 178–79n60 Andrews, Regina, 67 Ankrum Gallery, 94 anthropological approach, 1, 2, 114, 137, 146, 155–56 Anti-Defamation League, 69 index 9 anti-Semitism, 68–69, 162 Armand Hammer Museum, 15, 125–26 Armory Show, 165n6 Arneson, Robert, 112 Arnett, Matthew, 138–40, 142 Arnett, Paul, 139–40, 142 Arnett, William, 15, 138–40, 148–49, 190n27 art: Black identity in, 2, 13–14, 168n23; class prejudice in, 97; and culture wars, 111, 113, 154; high/low boundaries in, 137–38, 150; international market for, 4; photography as, 54, 76–77, 167n16; quilts as, 147–50, 153–54, 190–91n35; racial superiority in, 4–5, 8, 107–8, 157, 165–66n8, 167n14; relationship to culture, 71; and social history, 106–8, 154; and social life, 4, 58, 96; use value of, 29, 39–40, 51 Art Digest, The, 31 art exhibitions: all-Black shows, 11–12, 19–22, 43–44, 158–59; anthropological approach to, 1, 2, 114, 137, 146, 155–56; corrective approach to, 1, 137, 155, 158; ethnographic view of, 71, 78–79, 180n86; group exhibitions, 1, 9–12, 20, 39, 158–59; history of African American, 10, 89, 165n2; international, 9, 182n4; new black shows, 81–82; pedagogical role of, 3; sociological approach to, 7, 12, 22, 39, 51, 62–63, 66, 70–71, 96, 106–7, 157–58, 173n46. See also Black artists art museums: Black activism and, 54–55, 80–85, 109, 159, 181n93; Black employees of, 84–85, 159; Black visitors to, 21, 77; broadening of art categories in, 15–16, 105–6, 135–36, 153–54; and community outreach, 92, 110, 183n11; Eurocentrism of, 5, 7, 71, 166–67n14; fringe placement of Black artists in, 5, 21–22, 96–97, 155–56, 169n7; growing visibility if Black artists in, 18, 24, 51, 89–90, 110–11; and inclusion of Black artists, 7–11, 17–18, 23, 35–36, 54, 98, 175n4; marginalization of Black artists in, 2, 10, 14, 43, 51, 89–90, 110–11; patronizing attitudes of, 22, 43, 53, 78; and “primitive” art, 12, 33; purchase of works by Black artists, 23, 29n22, 39, 47, 168n20, 171n22; racial exclusivity of, 8, 154, 159–60, 166n14– 15; racial hierarchies in, 71, 89, 154–56; recognition for Black artists in, 13, 51, 89, 110–11, 127, 147, 160, 188n38; role of, 3, 34, 35; tokenism by, 158–59, 160, 192n11. See also Black artists Art News, 31, 49 Art of Black Americans of the 1930’s and 1940’s (exhibition), 90 Art of Romare Bearden (exhibition), 191n7 Art of the American Negro (exhibition), 67, 177n33 Art on My Mind (hooks), 132 Arts and Letters Society of Chicago, 165n2 Aspects of Negro Life (Douglas), 24 Athenaeum museum, 169n1 Audubon, John James, 89, 102–3, 185n39 Audubon, Walter, 102 Aziz, Abdullah, 180n87 Ball, J. P., 167n16 Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA), 12, 17, 33–44 Baltimore Sun, 31, 40–41 Bannarn, Henry W., 170n14 Bannister, Edward Mitchell, 3, 103–4, 107; Under the Oaks, 9, 168n22 Barnes, Brooks, 150 Barr, Alfred, 24, 25, 29 Barrett, Lindon, 173n45 Barthé, Richmond, 3, 23, 35, 104–5 Baur, John I. H., 80 Bearden, Romare, 22–23...