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notes 1. “local Communities Are no match for Industrial Corporations” 1. “Bean-Counting as You Look for a House? Try Lima (Ohio),” Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 31, 2005; David Berger, oral interview by author, Mar. 18, 2004. 2. Marc Cooper, “A Town Betrayed: Oil and Greed in Lima, Ohio,” Nation, July 14, 1997, 12; Ted Brown, Ohio Election Statistics (Columbus, Ohio: State Printing Office, 1964), 132. 3. Judith Gilbert, oral interview by author, Mar. 10, 2005. 4. M. Cooper, “A Town Betrayed,” 11–12; Lynn Oxyer, “Plant Forges Family Ties,” Lima News, Sept. 27, 1998; Gilbert, interview, Mar. 10, 2005; Judith Gilbert, oral interview by author, June 17, 2005 (quoted). 5. Stanley Buder, Capitalizing on Change: A Social History of American Business (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2009), 261–62 (quoted), 344–63; Marjorie Kelly, Divine Right of Capital: Dethroning the Corporate Aristocracy (San Francisco, Calif.: Berret-Koehler Publishers, 2001), 54–56; Robert Reich, Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy and Everyday Life (New York: Knopf, 2007), 75–80 (Fortune 500 study noted, 76). 6.GeoffreyJones,MultinationalsandGlobalCapitalism:fromtheNineteenthtotheTwentyFirst Century (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005), 64; Joseph A. Pratt, Prelude to a Merger: A History of Amoco Corporation, 1973–1998 (Houston, Tex.: Hart Publications, 2000), 6. For journalists on oil company profits in the 1990s, see M. Cooper, “A Town Betrayed,” 12; and Richard Thomas, “Heartbreak in Sundown City,” Guardian (London), reprinted in the Lima News, May 4, 1997. 7. Steven High, Industrial Sunset: The Making of North America’s Rust Belt, 1969–1984 (Toronto, Can.: Univ. of Toronto Press, 2003), 92–93, 109–24 (quoted, 109); Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison, The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry (New York: Basic Books, 1982), 3–8, 15–21; Paul Kantor, The Dependent City: The Changing Political Economy of Urban America (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1988), 166–67. 8. James Willard Hurst, Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth-Century United States (Madison, Wis.: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1964), 48; Kelly, Divine Right of Capital, 90–91, 163; Carl J. Mayer, “Personalizing the Impersonal: Corporations and the 251 Bill of Rights,” The Hastings Law Journal 41, no. 3 (Mar. 1990); Eric Foner, A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863–1877 (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 114–17; Allen Kaufman, Lawrence Zacharias, and Marvin Karson, Managers vs. Owners: The Struggle for Corporate Control in American Democracy (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995), 16–21. 9. Kelly, Divine Right of Capital, 52–53; Joel Bakan, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power (New York: Free Press, 2004), 36–37; Milton Friedman, quoted in Kent Greenfield, “From Rights to Regulation in Corporate Law,” in Perspectives on Company Law, ed. Fiona McMillan Patfield (Cambridge, Mass.: Kleuver Law International, 1997), 8. For a detailed exploration of the fervor and sway of the new market populism of the 1990s, see Thomas Frank, One Market under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism, and the End of Economic Democracy (New York: Anchor Books, 2000). 10.JerryMander,“TheRulesofCorporateBehavior,”inTheCaseagainsttheGlobalEconomy: And for a Turn toward the Local, ed. Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books, 1996), 309–14; Kelly, Divine Right of Capital, 90, 149 (Berle quoted). 11. John Portz, The Politics of Plant Closings (Lawrence, Kans.: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1990), 3–4; Kantor, Dependent City, 170–72, 226; Lawrence Rothstein, Plant Closings: Power, Politics, and Workers (Dover, Mass.: Auburn House, 1986), 170–72. 12. For a summary of such effects on individual workers and communities that have suffered plant closings, see Bluestone and Harrison, Deindustrialization of America, 49–81 (U.S. Chamber of Commerce data noted, 69); R. Jeffrey Lustig, “The Politics of Shutdown: Community ,Property,Corporatism,”JournalofEconomicIssues19(Mar.1985):132(quoted);Sherry Lee Linkon and John Russo, Steeltown U.S.A.: Work and Memory in Youngstown (Lawrence, Kans.: Univ. Press of Kansas, 2002), 51; Thomas G. Fuechtmann, Steeples and Stacks: Religion and Steel Crisis in Youngstown (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989), 57–59. 13. High, Industrial Sunset, 197 (quoted). For such typologies, see Portz, Politics of Plant Closings, 5–12, 170–71; and Bruce Nissen, Fighting for Jobs: Case-Studies of Labor-Community Coalitions Confronting Plant Closings (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of New York Press, 1995), 13–15. Political scientists who sketch out this activist role concede that while it looks good in theory, they can actually point to very few instances where such a role has emerged...

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