Index 245 Index 245 Aaron v. Cooper, 144 Abell, Christopher, 214–15 Abernathy, Mark, 145 Abernathy, Ralph, 15 Addison, George, 38 Advisory Committee to the Little Rock Central High Anniversary Commission, 142 agents provocateurs, ROTC building fire blamed on, 201 Ahern, James, 183 Akron, National Guard mobilized in, 199 Akron Beacon Journal: commitment to presenting truth, 108–9; on May 4 anniversaries, 69–70, 105–14; on May 4 shootings, 103–4, 108–9, 114, 115n1; Pulitzer nominations for, 103–4; on student demonstrations, 205 Akron University, 10 al-Qahtani, Mohammed, 128, 130 Alewitz, Mike, 11, 41 Alexander, Shana, 77–78 Allen, Stuart, 217 Ambler, David, 223 American Nazi party, shootings at CWP demonstration by, 159–60, 162, 165–66 An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era (DeBenedetti and Chat field), 32 Amick, Doris, 14 amnesty, 61–62 analytical history, vs. collective memory, 176–77 Angus, Ian, 36 anniversaries, 151; of desegregation of Central High, 145–47, 149. See also May 4 anniversaries antiwar activists, 20; demographics of, 33–34, 37–40; destruction of ROTC building and, 200–202; killed in Jackson, Mississippi , 12; on May 4 commemorations, 8–9; public opinion of, 32–33 antiwar movement, 5, 11, 130; in Canada, 34–40, 42–43; Canadian/U.S. collaboration in, 35–36, 38, 41; changing narratives of, 31–34; demonstrations against, 5; development in U.S., 30; effectiveness of, 30, 32–34, 42–43; Halstead’s history of, 30; influence of May 4 shootings on, 13, 40; international, 6, 34, 41–43; international aspects ignored, 30, 32; issues of, 35, 41; in Kent, 197; at KSU, 13, 196–97; media coverage of, 91–93; organizations in Canadian, 35, 38–39, 41; protests of as illegitimate discourse, 92–93; responses to invasion of Cambodia, 194, 196–97; subgroups of, 10, 32–33; Washington demonstration, 11. See also demonstrations arrests, 199, 205; as Ohio Highway Patrol role, 199–200, 210; as Portage County Sheriff Department role, 13, 199; in “riot” in downtown Kent, 198, 205 arts, silence used in, 61 246 index Ast, Bruno, May 4 Memorial by, 4, 186 Augé, Marc, 3, 49 Back, Les, 151 Baker, Wilson, 90 Barnette, Charles, 198–99 Baron, Seymour, 219–21 Bartlett, Frederic C., 109 Bartley, Numan V., 149 Bates, Daisy, 144, 147, 150 Beals, Melba Pattilo, 143, 147 Because of Their Faith (Hall), 32 Begg, Moazzam, 127 Ben Ze’ev, Efrat, 52 Best, James, 198 The Big Chill, 95–96 Bills, Scott, 161 Black Panthers, 80 black power movement, 79–80, 91, 98 Black United Students (BUS), 15–16, 197, 205 Blight, David, 23 Blossom, Virgil, 143–44, 150 Bond, Julian, 17, 183 Bowling Green State University, 10 Brand, Willie, 128 Brantley, Max, 145 Bredemeier, Richard, 15 Bresnahan, Bob, 11 Brewster, Kingman, 183 Brock, Barbara, 12 Buhl, Lance, 11 Bush, George W., torture of prisoners under, 126, 128 Butz, Tim, 15 Cage, John, 50 Calkins, Ken, 209 Calley, William, 21–22 Cambodia, invasion of, 9; campus responses to, 37, 181, 194, 196–97, 209; Canadian responses to, 30, 38–41, 43; KSU responses to, 196–97; responses to, 13, 80–81 Campus Wars (Heineman), 33 Canada: antiwar movement in, 30, 34–40, 42–43; draft dodgers and deserters in, 34, 44n12; Québécois nationalist movement in, 38; SDS and counterparts in, 30–31; supporting U.S. efforts in Vietnam War, 34–35, 43 Canadian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament , 35 Canadian Peace Congress, 34–35 Canfora, Alan: in May 4 demonstration, 213, 216–17; on remembering May 4, 17, 191n6 Canterbury, General: cease-fire orders by, 216; collaborations by, 202, 206; declaring May 4 rally banned, 207; determined to show students law and order, 210–11, 221; efforts to disperse crowd after shootings , 219; efforts to disperse rally, 209–10; faculty marshals trying to reason with, 219–23; justifications by, 202, 214, 217; use of tear gas to disperse rally, 209–10, 214 Capitol Citizens’ Council, in Little Rock, 143 Caputo, Philip, 160 Carmichael, Stokely (Kwame Ture), 90 Carrington, Charles, 52 Case, William James, 19 Cayrol, Jean, 118, 120–21, 131 Celan, Paul, 55 Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 59 Center for Peaceful Change (CPC), 15 Central High Anniversary Commission, 146 Central High Commemorative Garden, in Little Rock, 146, 149, 153 Central High Museum Visitor Center, 142, 145–46, 151, 153 Chatfield, Charles, 32 Chosen Few motorcycle gang, in Kent, 197 civil rights, Life magazine documenting infringements of, 76–82 civil rights movement, 98; freedom rides in, 12, 75–76; Life...