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102 1. Planning and Construction 1. Terry K. Woods, “Ohio’s Canals and Its People,” a slide show with text presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Archivists, Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 2, 1980. 2. Canal Commissioners’ Report (1822) in John Kilbourn, Public Documents Concerning the Ohio Canals (Columbus, 1832), 31–51. 3. The Canal Enabling Act of February 1825 named this canal between Lake Erie and the Ohio River the Ohio Canal. A legislative act of March 14, 1849, changed the name of the Miami Canal, Miami Extension Canal, and a portion of the Wabash & Erie Canal to the Miami & Erie Canal and also changed the name of the Ohio Canal to the Ohio & Erie Canal. Official documents continued to refer to this waterway as the Ohio Canal throughout its life. Historians currently use both names interchangeably. In this book, I will do the same. 4. Terry K. Woods, “An Introduction,” Towpaths 13 (1975): 1–15. 5. Jack Gieck, A Photo Album of Ohio’s Canal Era, 1825–1913 (Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press, 1988), 4. 6. Canal Commissioners’ Report (1825) in Kilbourn, Public Documents, 176–95; Canal Commissioners’ Report (1826), in ibid., 235–50. 7. Isaac Roberdeau, “Mathematics and Treatise on Canals” (1818), p. 7, typescript, Document No. MMC 1649, Library of Congress. Colonel Roberdeau was chief of the U.S. Bureau of Topographical Engineers, War Department, from 1818 to 1829. 8. Noble E. Whitford, History of the Canal System of the State of New York (Albany, N.Y.: Brandow Printing Co., 1906), 4. 9. Ronald E. Shaw, Canals for a Nation: The Canal in the United States, 1790–1860 (Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1990), 8. Shaw states that the Erie’s dimensions were patterned after those of the Middlesex Canal. However, the Middlesex was used as an example of good organization and management; the dimensions of the Erie Canal belonged to its engineers alone. 10. Harry N. Scheiber, Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy, 1820–1861 (Athens: Ohio Univ. Press, 1969), 47.   Notes 11. Roberdeau, “Mathematics and Treatise on Canals,” 9. 12. James Emmitt, “Early Pike County,” Chillicothe Leader, 1886. This description could have been applied to nearly every river valley along the canal’s route. 13. Chester A. Finn, “The Ohio Canals: Public Enterprise on the Frontier,” Ohio History 51 (Jan./Mar. 1942). 14. Terry K. Woods, “The Canal Comes to Cleveland,” American Canals 34 (Spring 2005): 12. There were 109 sections let from the Summit Pond to Newburg, seven in the extension to Cleveland, and two at the river connection for a total of 118. 15. Ernest Ludlow Bogart, Internal Improvements and State Debt in Ohio: An Essay in Economic History (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1924), 23. 16. N. N. Hill Jr., History of Licking County, Ohio: Its Past and Present (Newark, Ohio: A. A. Graham & Co., 1881), 207. 17. Ernest M. Teagarden, “Builders of the Ohio Canal,” Inland Seas 19 (1963): 101. 18. J. F. Everhart, History of Muskingum County, Ohio, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Pioneers (Columbus, Ohio: J. F. Everhart & Co., 1882), 206. 19. Bogart, Internal Improvements and State Debt in Ohio, 25. 20. C. C. Huntington, History of the Ohio Canals: Their Construction, Cost, Use and Partial Abandonment (Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1905), 24–25. 21. Teagarden, “Builders of the Ohio Canal,” 99–100. 22. Finn, “The Ohio Canals,” 16; Huntington, History of the Ohio Canals, 24. 23. Canal Commissioners’ Report (1826) in Kilbourn, Public Documents, 238. 24. Hill, History of Licking County, 215. 25. Ibid., 217. 26. Huntington, History of the Ohio Canals, 25. 2. Early Operation 1. Canal Commissioners’ Report (1827) in Kilbourn, Public Documents, 275. 2. Woods, “The Canal Comes to Cleveland,” 13. 3. Samuel P. Orth, A History of Cleveland, Ohio (Cleveland: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1910), 696. 4. Cleveland Herald, July 13, 1827; Terry K. Woods, The Ohio & Erie Canal in Stark County (Massillon, Ohio: The Massillon Museum, 2003). 5. Everhart, History of Muskingum County, 479; John H. Hall, Historical Collections of Coshocton County, Ohio (Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co., 1876), 57–59; David Meyer, “The Ohio Canal in Lockport and Newark,” Towpaths 42 (2004): 49. Oddly enough, the histories of Licking County are silent on any opening ceremonies that may have been held in Newark. Cleveland papers were expecting communication with Newark as early as May 1830, but it appears that the first craft from the lake to Newark did not arrive until July...

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