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works cited | 187| 187 Adams, Edward C. L. Nigger to Nigger. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928. Anolik, Ruth, and Douglas L. Howard. The Gothic Other: Racial and Social Constructions in the Literary Imagination. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2004. Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999. Babb, Valerie. Whiteness Visible: The Meaning of Whiteness in American Literature and Culture. New York: New York University Press, 1998. Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1965. ———. Hemingway: The Writer as Artist. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963. Bates, Beth Thompkins. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America , 1925–1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Benton-Bania, Edward. The Mishomis Book: The Voice of the Ojibway. St. Paul, Minn.: Indian Country Press, 1991. Berkhofer, Richard F., Jr. The White Man’s Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978. Berland, Alwyn. Light in August: A Study in Black and White. New York: Twayne, 1992. Bird, S. Elizabeth, ed. Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996. Capellan, Angel. Hemingway and the Hispanic World. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1985. Derounian-Stodola, Kathryn Zabelle, and James A. Levernier. The Indian Captivity Narrative, 1550–1900. New York: Twayne, 1990. Divine, Robert, T. H. Breen, George M. Fredrickson, and R. Hal Williams. America: Past and Present. New York: Longman, 1999. Dixon, Thomas. The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1905. works cited 188 | works cited Du Bois, W. E. B. “The Souls of Black Folk.” W. E. B. Du Bois: Writings. New York: Library of America, 1986. 357–547. Duran, Bonnie. “Indigenous versus Colonial Discourse: Alcohol and American Indian Identity.” Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture. Ed. S. Elizabeth Bird. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996. 111–29. Eagleton, Terry. The Ideology of the Aesthetic. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. Early, Gerald. Tuxedo Junction: Essays on American Culture. Hopewell, N.J.: Ecco Press, 1989. Eby, Carl. Hemingway’s Fetishism: Psychoanalysis and the Mirror of Manhood. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. Ellison, Ralph. Shadow and Act. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1994. Fairclough, Norman. Language and Power. New York: Longman, 1989. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991. Farnsworth, Robert M. Introduction to The Marrow of Tradition, by Charles W. Chesnutt . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Faulkner, William. Light in August. New York: Vintage International, 1990. Ferber, Abby. White Man Falling: Race, Gender, and White Supremacy. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998. Flora, Joseph. Hemingway’s Nick Adams. Baton Rouge: Louisiana University State Press, 1982. Fowler, Orson Squire, and Lorenzo Niles Fowler. The Illustrated Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Physiology with One Hundred Engravings, and a Chart of the Character. New York: Fowler and Wells, 1854. Excerpt in Popular American Literature of the 19th Century. Ed. Paul Gutjahr. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 436–72. Franklin, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of American Negroes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974. Fredrickson, George. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on African American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914. New York: Harper Collins, 1971. Gallagher, Charles. Rethinking the Color Line: Readings in Race and Ethnicity. Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1999. Gellar, Sheldon. “The Colonial Era.” Africa. Ed. Phyllis M. Martin and Patrick O’Meara. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. 135–55. Gilmore, Al-Tony. Bad Nigger! The National Impact of Jack Johnson. Port Washington, N.Y.: National University Publications, 1975. Goddu, Teresa. Gothic America: Narrative, History, and Nation. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Gordon, Donald L. “African Politics.” Understanding Contemporary Africa. 2nd ed. Ed. April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1996. 53–93. Gorer, Geoffrey. Africa Dances: A Book about West African Negroes. London: Faber and Faber, 1935. Grant, Madison. The Passing of the Great Race. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922. [18.221.53.209] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 10:48 GMT) works cited | 189 Green, Gregory. “A Matter of Color: Hemingway’s Criticism of Race Prejudice.” Hemingway Review 1 (Fall 1981): 26–32. Greene, J. Lee. Blacks in Eden: The African American Novel’s First Century. Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia, 1996. Grombach...

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