Nossa and Nuestra América: Inter-American Dialogues

Contents

Contents vii Acknowledgments and Note on Translations 1 Introduction This Our Disunion 7 Chapter One Counterposing Nossa and Nuestra América 11 I. “Latin America”: A Brief History of a Controversial Idea 20 II. The Problem: Brazil as Necessarily Problematic 24 III. One Side of the Coin: Spanish American Identity Projection 32 IV. The Other Side of the Coin: Brazilian Exceptionalism 44 V. Simón Bolívar: Brazil at the Margins of “Meridional America” 49 VI. José Bonifácio: Armed Spaniards,Young Republics, and the “Tempered Monarchy” 57 Chapter Two José Enrique Rodó: “Iberoamérica,” the Magna Patria, and the Question of Brazil 60 I. A Maestro in Spanish America, a Virtual Unknown in Brazil 64 II. The Americanista Paradigm, Language, and the Magna Patria 76 III. All of the Latin American Nations, including Brazil? 87 Chapter Three Joaquim Nabuco: Monarchy’s End and the “South Americanization” of Brazil 93 I. The Formation of a Monarchist and Abolutionist 97 II. The Ends of Constitutional Monarchy 109 III. Monarchy’s End and the Threat of “South Americanization” 117 IV. Balmaceda: Chile’s “Parliamentary Republic” as a Solution for Brazil v 135 Chapter Four Alfonso Reyes: Culture, Humanism, and Brazil’s Place in the American Utopia 138 I. Reyes, a “Many-Tentacled Octopus” 141 II. Moderation, Continuity, and the Defense of Culture 151 III. Critical Humanism, the Public Intellectual, and the Example of Reyes 159 IV. Latin America’s Utopian Vocation: Última Tule 165 V. Reyes’s Vision of Brazil in America: Language and Utopia 183 Chapter Five Sérgio Buarque de Holanda: Obscured Roots of Rodó in Raízes do Brasil 186 I. Buarque, a Lost Child of Ariel? 195 II. From a Theory of America to the Roots of Brazil 205 III. Rodó, Entangled in Buarque’s Roots, Lost in Paz’s Labyrinth 211 Appendix English Translations 219 Notes 241 Works Cited 253 Index vi Contents ...