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Acknowledgments xxiii The initial stage of this project was conceived as my dissertation at the University of Virginia, where the Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese cultivated a supportive environment for my independent study comparing the Spanish American and Brazilian vanguards. I especially acknowledge David T. Haberly and Donald L. Shaw, my advisors, for their inspiration and patience. Dr. Shaw’s quick and insightful comments on my drafts, and his critical guidance in the comprehensive planning and structure of my research, were most appreciated. Dr. Haberly’s encyclopedic knowledge and contagious enthusiasm for all things Luso-Brazilian have been a solid foundation for me since the beginning of my research into the Brazilian vanguard; his very helpful and honest support continued in his thorough readings of my drafts. Other readers who provided lucid feedback, suggestions, and support in the initial stages of this project include Gustavo Pellón, Karen Rauch, E. C. Graf, and Jeff Bersett. Special thanks also to Keith Mason and Cathy Cuppett for moral support and for help with technical aspects of beginning and completing the project. The opportunity to build on my previous research became possible during my time at the University of South Alabama. While at the university, Lawrence R. Schehr aided me in bringing out theoretical aspects of some of my readings and, with Bernard Quinn and Calvin Jones, helped me develop the potential of such a research opportunity. The University of South Alabama Research Council, in conjunction with the College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, funded my travel to Brazil and Chile in July and August 2000, enabling me to carry out archival research at the Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros (IEB) on the campus of the Universidade de São Paulo, and at the Fundación Vicente Huidobro (FVH) and Biblioteca Nacional in Santiago. This research led to the strengthening of my conclusions regarding the thematic importance of equilibrium in the works of both writers and in the cultural context of the times. I gratefully acknowledge the support of the IEB staff, particularly Murillo Marx and Maria Teresa Joia, and also time spent in consultation with Telê Porto Ancona Lopez at the IEB. In xxiv Acknowledgments Santiago the FVH executive secretary, Liliana Rosa Beraterrechea , graciously facilitated my research at that archive. Some of the material in this book has appeared in earlier versions. The Introduction was published as “A Desire for Equilibrium in Avant-Garde Poetics: Vicente Huidobro’s ‘Non serviam’ and Mário de Andrade’s ‘Parábola d’A escrava que não é Isaura’” in Chasqui 26.2 (1997): 56–71. Approximately the first half of the material in Chapter 5, “At the Dock and on the Street,” appeared as “Necessary Losses: Purity and Solidarity in Mário de Andrade’s Dockside Poetics” in Hispania 81 (1998): 217–24. Chapter 2, “Orientation and Trajectory,” is a revised and translated version of “Orientación y trayectoria de Huidobro en ‘Aviso a los turistas’ y ‘Manifiesto tal vez,’” Hispanófila 134 (2002): 75–90. I thank these journals’ editorial boards and reviewers for their comments and suggestions. I extend thanks to my colleagues in the Department of Languages at the University of Tulsa for their steady confidence in and support for my research, and my gratitude to two anonymous readers for the Purdue Studies in Romance Literatures series for their remarks and recommendations. Many thanks to PSRL’s production editor, Susan Y. Clawson, for her wisdom and patience. Finally, the support of my family has been paramount to me throughout this project. I thank my wife, Blanca, and daughters, Giselle and Juliette, for their patience and understanding , and my father and mother, Drs. Craig D. and Marilyn E. Willis, for their encouragement, enthusiasm, and empathy. ...

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