Character and Meaning in the Novels of Victor Hugo

Index

Index 235 Albouy, Pierre, 1, 28, 57, 66, 80, 81, 82, 96, 119, 189n3, 193n10, 194n18, 206n20, 212n13 Allen, James Smith, 41, 196n8, 197n14 Amy Robsart (Hugo), 196n8 Angélo, Tyran de Padoue (Hugo), 34, 35, 217n23 Aristotle’s “Poetics,” 5, 58, 190n9 Bach, Max, 56, 62, 201n13 Balzac, Honoré de, 15, 18, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, 60–61, 62, 128, 182, 198n19, 201n10, 212n12, 218n30, 225n7 and character, 67, 108, 109, 114, 127, 132–33, 181, 194nn15–16, 203n2, 205n17, 211n7, 215n9, 225n5 fictional project of, 9, 102–03 Barthes, Roland, 51, 71, 114, 211n8 Baudelaire, Charles, 68, 202n21 Baudoin, Charles, 104, 210n3 Bernard, Claudie, 127, 207– 08n28, 211–12n10, 212n13, 213n19 Brémond, Claude, 5 Brochu, André, 73, 82–83 Brombert, Victor, 2, 3, 4, 21, 22, 26–27, 47–48, 76, 103, 115, 121, 127, 145, 189–90n7, 210– 11n4, 212n16, 213n1, 216n18 Brooks, Peter, 33, 35, 36, 39, 196n1 Bug-Jargal (Hugo), 21–22, 34, 79, 116–18, 128, 135, 165, 206n19, 212n14, 214n6, 215nn12–13, 222–23n17 Butor, Michel, 50, 175, 182, 189n2 Cellier, Léon, 26, 32, 92, 194nn19– 20, 208n33 character critical perspectives on, 5–7 Hugo’s creation of, 4, 8–9, 7, 63, 64–69, 101, 128, 168, 181–82, 183, 184–85, 185–86, 202n19, 208n33, 225n8 adversary, the hero’s, 29– 30, 83–91 children, 75–78, 204nn9–10 collective characters, 9, 116–22 the hero, 91–101 heroes, secondary, 80–81 heroines, 78–80, 205n17 historical figures, 9, 108–16 mothers, 73–75, 130–31, 203–04n6, 204nn7–8, 214n4. See also Hugo, Victor: novels of: maternity in the symbolic character, 70– 71 villains, 29, 36–37, 81–83, 206n19 in Hugo’s novels contemporary reactions to, 55, 56–57, 62–63, 68, 185, 201nn13–14, 202n21, 225n9 deaths of, 8, 128–29, 135– 36, 152–53, 153–54, 155, 156, 157, 184, 214n4. See also Hugo, Victor: novels of: death of the hero in 236 Index doubling of, 28–29, 195n23 duality/double nature of, 27–28, 194–95n21, 195n22 longevity of, 178, 179–80, 186–87 modernity of, 11, 181, 182 names of, 23–24, 71, 78, 129, 132, 139, 140, 160–61, 161–62, 167, 203n2, 203–04n6, 206n19, 206n21, 209n37, 214–15n8, 215n11, 216–17n19, 220nn2–4 repetitive patterns relative to, 9, 107–08 sexuality of, 79–80, 90, 145–46, 153, 208n34, 210n43, 216n17, 218n29, 220n5, 221n8 universality of, 2, 25, 194n18 type character historical functioning of, 57–58 and Hugo. See character: Hugo’s creation of realist concept of, 59–61, 61–62 romantic concept of, 59, 61–62, 68, 200n7, 201n11 Chateaubriand, François René de, 18, 198n16 Cocteau, Jean, 2 Collot, Michel, 50 Contemplations, Les (Hugo), 43– 44 Cromwell, preface to (Hugo), 9, 10, 16–17, 27–28, 35–36, 47, 56, 63, 65, 66, 103, 169, 202n17 Demetz, Peter, 60, 62, 200nn8–9 Dernier Jour d’un Condamné, Le (Hugo), 212n15, 215n13 Diderot, Denis, 58 Douglas, Wallace W., 194 n17 Dubois, Jacques, 207n23 Ducrot, Oswald, 6 Dufour, Philippe, 61 Dumas, Alexandre, 43, 109 Ferguson, Priscilla Parkhurst, 106 Flaubert, Gustave, 43, 49, 55, 57, 181, 182, 183, 201n13 Forster, E. M., 70, 91, 202–03n1 Frye, Northrop, 19–20, 23, 34, 193n9 gamin, le. See Misérables, Les: Gavroche Gaudon, Jean, 1, 48–49 Gautier, Théophile, 55, 57 Genette, Gérard, 199n23 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 3 Goncourt brothers (Edmond and Jules), 56, 198n20 Grant, Richard B., 1, 4, 19, 22, 103 Greimas, A. J., 5, 193n12 Grimaud, Michel, 209n37 Grossman, Kathryn M., 2, 4, 21, 22, 85–86, 180, 181, 186, 189–90n7, 192nn4–5 Guyard, Marius-François, 218n30 Hamon, Philippe, 5, 36, 71, 109, 113, 129, 176, 183, 190n11, 192n7, 193– 94n14, 211n7, 212nn11–12 Han d’Islande (Hugo), 17–18, 20–21, 34, 42, 79, 116–18, 128, 135, character: in Hugo’s novels (continued) 237 Index 160, 165, 193n8, 193n10, 204n8, 206n19, 214n6, 218n29, 222–23n17 Hernani (Hugo), 35, 217n23 Hochman, Baruch, 202–03n1 Homme qui rit, L’(Hugo), 130, 217n25, 219–20n1 preface to/prefatory projects for, 26, 31, 51, 105, 185–86, 191n19 quest itinerary in, 25, 26 treatment of characters in Anne, Queen, 112 Barkilphedro, 37, 82, 83 Les Comprachicos, 128, 157 David [Dirry-Moir], Lord (Tom-Jim-Jack), 219n36, 224n24 Dea, 70, 78–79, 167–68 Gwynplaine, 26, 27, 28, 31, 47...