City and the Crown

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Contents

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pp. vii-

Acknowledgments

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pp. ix-

The research for this study was made possible by the generosity of Haverford College, which provided sabbatical leaves in 1983-84 and again in 1990-91. Additional research funds were provided by the Audrey Dusseau Memorial Professorship in the Humanities, which I have had the honor to hold. ...

Introduction

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pp. 1-4

The conglomerate of Habsburg sovereignties in central eastern Europe gradually fused into an imperial political system during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, fighting for its survival against the Ottoman Turks in the east, the French and later the Prussians in the west and north. This Danubian monarchy ...

1 The Historic Setting

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pp. 5-26

Modern Vienna is the latest settlement to occupy a low rise along the southernmost of the many branches the Danube River forms as it flows from the Vienna Woods eastward onto the plain sloping toward Hungary. Recent excavations there confirm the presence of concentrated settlement thousands of years before ...

2 The Shape of the City

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pp. 27-52

In 1609, the same year Matthias confirmed his political hold over Vienna, the court painter, Jacob Hoefnagel (l575-c. 1630), prepared for his now-royal master a bird's-eye view ot'the city as it might be viewed from some point over the suburb to the northeast across the river channel. Aside from being the first ...

3 The Court and Its Servants

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pp. 53-74

The imperial court defined itself not as a place but as a family extended to include all persons who were called to serve it. It was, in R. J. W. Evans' phrase, "a dynasty viewed as an institution."¹ The term Hofgesinde, the court's people, applied equally to all its members regardless of their rank, from the highest ministers down ...

4 The Court Quartering System

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pp. 75-100

Quartering the court on Vienna like an army of occupation had long been a fact, but only toward the end of the reign of Ferdinand I and during that of his son Maximilian II did court quartering become a formal system. For the early sixteenth century, there are—so far as we now know—no surviving records of quartering. ...

5 Reshaping the City

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pp. 101-122

Feudal princes generally had little use for CIties except as sources of money in a cash-poor economy. When the Austrian dukes established their residence in Vienna, they built it not in the urban center but on the defensive outworks, first facing the Platz am Hof, then after extension of the walls, in a fortified corner ...

6 The Expulsion of the Jews

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pp. 123-136

The Jews of Vienna had never been accepted as neighbors by the majority Chtistian population. Tension between the two communities had been a fact of social and political life at least since the fourteenth century. Protected only by a thin shell of privilege granted them by the Habsburg monarchs, the Jews lived in constant fear of ...

7 Plague and Siege

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pp. 137-156

Vienna's expansive development in the 1660s and 1670s reversed itself suddenly and dramatically in the spring of 1679, when the city fell victim to its worst plague epidemic since the Black Death of the fourteenth century. The heavy mortality weakened the monarchy severely, and it had hardly begun to recover its administrative and ...

8 Building Anew

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pp. 157-170

When the victory celebrations ended, Leopold I and the court settled at Linz until Vienna could be cleaned up and the Hofburg, which had drawn the heaviest Turkish artillery fire, made at least partly habitable. The court's continued absence produced the usual delays in communication between the crown and its deputies in Vienna. ...

9 Expanding the City

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pp. 171-184

Vienna's city council had long looked toward developing the areas beyond the walls as a means to increase its tax base. As early as July 1664, the city's repeated complaints about the accumulated loss of taxes moved the crown to summon a conference of commissioners representing the Lower Austrian Regierung, the Hofkammer, ...

10 Making a Baroque Capital

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pp. 185-204

There were already signs of an impending construction boom during the 1690s, though many of the more ambitious building projects were not completed until the third and fourth decades of the next century. Unsurprisingly, the wave of new construction began with the highest court nobility. Only later did the bourgeoisie and some ...

11 "Vienna Gloriosa"

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pp. 205-216

Charles VI died unexpectedly on October 20, 1740, after suffering nine days from a fever he contracted on a hunting expedition. Maria Theresa succeeded to the dynastic lands by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction, that international guarantee of her accession for which Charles had sacrificed so much. She was twenty-three, ...

Appendix

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pp. 217-218

Notes

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pp. 219-240

Works Cited

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pp. 241-248

Index

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pp. 249-264