Politics of Ethnic Survival: Germans in Prague, 1861-1914

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Ottokar Weber, “Prag,” Deutsche Arbeit 8 (1909): 325–26. 2. Much of the early-twentieth-century historical writing by scholars in Germany on the German-speaking minorities in Central and Eastern Europe came out of the schools of Ostforschung and Südostforschung and typically had at first a PanGerman and later often a National Socialist coloration. See Michael Burleigh, GermanyTurnsEastwards:AStudyofOstforschungintheThird Reich(Cambridge [Cambridgeshire], U.K., 1988); Eduard Mühle, “Hermann Aubin, der ‘deutsche Osten’ und der Nationalsozialismus—Deutungen eines akademischen Wirkens im Dritten Reich,” in Nationalsozialismus in den Kulturwissenschaften. Vol. 1: Fächer—Mileus—Karrieren, Hartmut Lehmann and Otto Gerhard Oexle, eds. (Göttingen, 2004), 531–591; idem, “‘Ostforschung’. Beobachtungen zuAufstieg und Niedergang eines geschichtswissenschaftlichen Paradigmas,” Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung 46 (1997): 317–50; and idem, “Ostforschung und Nationalsozialismus . Kritische Bemerkungen zur aktuellen Forschungsdiskussion,” Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung 50 (2001): 256–75. From 1945 through the 1950s and 1960s, many histories of the German-speaking minorities of Central and Eastern Europe published in the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria showed the legacy of some of the older traditions of Ostforschung and Südostforschung as well as the influence of the associations of German expellees from Central and Eastern Europe in seeking to show the antiquity of German-speaking settlements, the contributions of the German-speakers to economic and cultural development, and the unjust minority policies of the interwar and post-1945 periods . Sudeten German historiographical traditions are apparent in Emil Franzel, Sudetendeutsche Geschichte, 2nd ed. (Augsburg, 1962), and Josef Mühlberger, Zwei Völker in Böhmen (Munich, 1973). For examples of more recent German andAustrian writing on the German-speaking minorities, see the volumes for different sections of Central and Eastern Europe published by Siedler-Verlag, Berlin in the series Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas; Stefan Wolff, ed., German Minorities in Europe: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging (New York, 2000), includes authors from a broader range of historiographical traditions. 3. For bibliography on the history of the Habsburg Monarchy, see RobertA. Kann, History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918 (Berkeley, 1974); Robin Okey, The Habsburg Monarchy from Enlightenment to Eclipse (New York, 2001); Helmut Rumpler, Österreichische Geschichte 1804–1914. Eine Chance für Mitteleuropa. 225 226฀฀฀฀฀฀฀◆฀฀฀฀฀฀฀NOTES฀TO฀INTRODUCTION Bürgerliche Emanzipation und Staatsverfall in der Habsburgermonarchie, Herwig Wolfram, ed. (Vienna, 1997); Alan Sked, The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire 1815–1918, 2nd ed. (London, 2001); and the references in the massive ongoing project, Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918, Adam Wandruszka, Peter Urbanitsch, and Helmut Rumpler, eds. (Vienna, 1973– ). For the sake of simplicity, I shall use “Austria” to refer to all the territories of the western half of the Habsburg Monarchy, i.e., the non-Hungarian portions, which were represented in the Reichsrat after 1867. In contexts where this might be confused with the Habsburg Hereditary Lands of Upper and LowerAustria, the geographic designation “Cisleithania” will be used to designate the western half of the monarchy. 4. See, for example, among the finest examples of this work, Hans Kohn, Pan-Slavism : Its History and Ideology, 2nd ed. rev. (New York, 1960); Richard Georg Plaschka,VonPalackýbisPekař.GeschichtswissenschaftundNationalbewusstsein bei den Tschechen (Graz, 1955); Hugh Agnew, Origins of the Czech National Renascence (Pittsburgh, 1993); Vladimír Macura, Znamení zrodu. České národní obrození jako kulturní typ, new exp. ed. (Prague, 1995); Karl Eder, Der Liberalismus in Altösterreich (Vienna, 1955); and Georg Franz, Liberalismus: Die Deutschliberale Bewegung in der habsburgischen Monarchie (Munich, 1955). 5. Czech scholars brought up in the cosmopolitan historical school of Jaroslav Goll, such as Josef Pekař, were open to the social and economic history of Karl Lamprecht and his followers. During the Czechoslovak intellectual thaw of the mid-1960s, a number of talented younger Czech historians were exposed to new Western European research in social history, including Jan Havránek, Miroslav Hroch, and Otto Urban. 6. See, for example, Hans Tramer, “Prague—City of Three Peoples,” Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook [hereafter LBI Yearbook] 9 (1964): 305–39; Pavel Eisner, Franz Kafka and Prague (New York, 1950); Joseph Wechsberg, Prague, the Mystical City (New York, 1971). 7. Miroslav Hroch, Die Vorkämpfer der Nationalen Bewegung bei den kleinen Völkern Europas. Eine vergleichende Analyse zur gesellschaftlichen Schichtung der patriotischen Gruppen. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philosophica et Historia Monographia, 24 (Prague, 1968) [translated as Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations (Cambridge, U.K., 1985)]; and idem...