The Last Days of Kim Jong-il: The North Korean Threat in a Changing Era

Notes

147 1. INTRODUCTION 1. For an example of analysis that reflects criticism of Washington’s recent North Korea policy, see Gregory J. Moore, “America’s Failed North Korea Nuclear Policy: A New Approach,” Asian Perspective 32, no. 4 (2008), http://www.asianperspective.org /articles/v32n4-b.pdf. 2. For an example of analysis that reflects a pro-engagement policy and that addresses North Korea’s economic woes, see Esther Pan, “North Korea’s Capitalist Experiment,” Council on Foreign Relations, Backgrounder, June 8, 2006, http://www.cfr.org/publication/10858/. 3. For an important analysis that “compares and contrasts” the policy of several American presidents regarding North Korean, see Cheon Seongwhun, “Changing Dynamics of U.S. Extended Nuclear Deterrence on the Korean Peninsula,” Special Report (Berkeley, CA: Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, November 10, 2010), http://www.nautilus.org/publications/essays/napsnet/reports/changing -dynamics-of-u.s.-extended-nuclear-deterrence-on-the-korean-peninsula. 4. For details on the challenges of the North Korean succession process and what it means for Pyongyang’s survival, see Scott A. Snyder, “Kim’s Survivability Scorecard,” The Diplomat, December 28, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/12/28/kims -survivability-scorecard/. 5. For examples of works that address North Korea’s nuclear programs and the challenges they present to American policy, see Victor D. Cha and David C. Kang, Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); Gordon C. Chang, Nuclear Showdown: North Korea Takes on the World (New York: Random House, 2006); Michael O’Hanlon and Mike Mochizuki, Crisis on the Korean Peninsula: How to Deal with a Nuclear North Korea (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003); and James M. Minnich, The Denuclearization of North Korea: The Agreed Framework and Alternative Options Analyzed (Milton Keynes, UK: Lightning Source, 2003). For excellent examples of works that give insight into North Korean internal politics, see Young Whan Kihl and Hong Nack Kim, eds., North Korea: The Politics of NOTES Regime Survival (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp, 2006); and Sung-chol Choi, ed., Understanding Human Rights in North Korea (Seoul, Korea: Center for the Advancement of North Korean Human Rights, 1997). Examples of works that address North Korean foreign policy include: Tae-hwan Kwak and Seung-ho Joo, eds., The United States and the Korean Peninsula in the 21st Century (Aldershot Hampshire, UK: Ashgate, 2006); Chuck Downs, Over the Line: North Korea’s Negotiating Strategy (Washington, DC: AEI Press, 1999); and Ted Galen Carpenter and Doug Bandow, The Korean Conundrum: America’s Troubled Relationship with North and South Korea (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004). Works that include studies of North Korea’s unique economic challenges include Robert Daniel Wallace, Sustaining the Regime: North Korea’s Quest for Financial Support (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007); and Nicholas Eberstadt, The North Korean Economy: Between Crisis and Catastrophe (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2009). Works that contain studies addressing the ROK-U.S. alliance include: David I. Steinberg, ed., Korean Attitudes toward the United States: Changing Dynamics (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2005); Donald W. Boose, Jr., Balbina Y. Hwang, Patrick Morgan, and Andrew Scobell, eds., Recalibrating the U.S.–Republic of Korea Alliance (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2003); and Lee Suk Bok, The Impact of U.S. Forces in Korea (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1987). Works that examine the long-standing and unusual North Korea–South Korea relationship include: Don Oberdorfer, The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History (New York: Basic Books, 2001); Ho-Youn Kwon, ed., Divided Korea: Longing for Reunification (Chicago: North Park University Press, 2004); Edward A. Olsen, Korea, the Divided Nation (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2005); and Roland Bleiker, Divided Korea: Toward a Culture of Reconciliation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005). 6. For an example of the debate about North Korea’s delisting from the State Department’s list of nations that support terrorism, see Laura Rozen, “Ackerman: Put North Korea Back on Terrorism List,” Politico, May 19, 2010, http://www.politico.com/blogs/laurarozen /0510/Ackerman_Put_North_Korea_back_on_terrorism_list.html. 7. See Bernard Gwertzman, “North Korea’s Uncertain Succession,” interview with Scott Snyder, Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations, December 19, 2011, http://www.cfr.org/north-korea/north-koreas-uncertain-succession/p26858. 8. See Tetsuya Hakoda and Yusuke Murayama, “Lee’s Visit Highlights S. Korea’s Status as Key U.S. Ally,” Asahi Shimbun, October 15, 2011, http://ajw.asahi.com/article/asia /korean_peninsula/AJ2011101514652. 9. One notable exception to this is a...