Conservancy: The Land Trust Movement in America

Notes

NOTES Preface (pages ix–xi) 1. The 1996 Survey: In July 1996, I sent out questionnaires to 216 land trusts, about 20 percent of the approximately 1,095 in the Land Trust Alliance’s 1995 National Directory of Land Trusts. A stratified random sampling method was used to select land trusts in numbers proportional to the numbers operating in each state. A postcard reminder was sent to land trusts that had not responded by September. The questionnaire was long, twelve pages, and covered many aspects of land trust operations. Included were questions on several topics for which little information was currently available, such as land management techniques in use, easement violations, easement endowments, characteristics of board members, and educational initiatives. Seventy usable questionnaires (32 percent) were returned. The only evident biases were a high rate of return from Michigan and a low rate of return from California, or perhaps the whole Pacific Coast region. A higher rate of return from staffed trusts, where someone is being paid to spend time filling out forms, might be a potential source of bias. Fifty-four percent of the trusts responding had at least part-time staff. Of the trusts listed in the 1995 directory (1994 data), 46 percent had at least parttime staff; by1998, the percentage had grown to about 50 percent. It’s possible, then, that staffed land trusts—hence possibly larger and more affluent—were slightly overrepresented in the 1996 sample. Introduction (pages 1–12) 1. Joy Williams, “One Acre,” Harper’s Magazine 302 (February 2001): 59–65. 2. Not every land trust would necessarily be interested in protecting a property as small as this one. 3. See chapter 10 for more about the Illinois Natural Areas Commission. 4. John William Hardy, “Records of Swainson’s Warbler in Southern Illinois,” Wilson Bulletin 67, no. 1 (1955): 60. 5. Rasa Gustaitis, “The Wonders of Joel Hedgpeth,” California Coast & Ocean 15, no. 1 (1999): 20–23. 6. Joel W. Hedgpeth, “Progress—The Flower of the Poppy,” American Scientist 35, no. 3 (1947): 395–400. 7. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983). 8. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962). 9. William J. Darby, “Silence, Miss Carson!” Chemical and Engineering News (1 October 1962): 60–63. 10. Tom Knudson, “Fat of the Land,” Sacramento Bee, 5-part series, 22–26 April 2001. 11. Stephen Fox, The American Conservation Movement (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985). 12. John T. Curtis, The Vegetation of Wisconsin (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1956). 13. Richard Brewer, “Characteristics of Land Trust Boards,” Exchange 16, no. 3 (1997): 8–11. 14. Pamela K. Stone, National Directory of Local and Regional Land Conservation Organizations (Bar Harbor, Maine: Land Trust Exchange, 1986); Rob Aldrich, personal communication, 1 March 2002. 15. Martha Nudel, “Conserved Acreage, Numbers of Trusts Soared in the 1990s,” Exchange 20, no. 4 (2002): 5–7. 16. Institute for Community Economics, The Community Land Trust Handbook (Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, 1982). 17. Charles C. Geisler, “In Land We Trust,” Cornell Journal of Social Relations 15, no. 1 (1980): 98–115. 18. Michael L. Fischer, “The Land Trust Community: The Strongest Arm of the Conservation Movement,” delivered to Napa County Land Trust, 5 October 1996. Chapter 1. History (pages 13–40) 1. Henry David Thoreau, The Maine Woods (1862; reprint, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1961). 2. Otherwise unattributed facts, dates, and Charles Eliot quotations are from Charles W. Eliot, Charles Elliot: Landscape Architect (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1902). 3. Judith B. Tankard, Charles Eliot: The Education of a Landscape Architect (Cambridge: Mass.: Harvard University Frances Loeb Library Graduate School of Design, 1987). 4. Keith N. Morgan, “Held in Trust: Charles Eliot’s Vision for the New England Landscape,” National Association for Olmsted Parks Workbook series 1 (1991): 1–98. 5. Thomas Jefferson, “Notes on the State of Virginia,” in The Life and Selected Writings (1782; reprint, New York: Modern Library, 1944). 6. Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890; reprint, New York: Hill and Wang, 1957). 7. Ibid. 8. Tankard, Charles Eliot. 9. Gordon Abbott, Jr., Saving Special Places (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Press, 1993). 10. Edward L. Rand and John H. Redfield, Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine, with a Geological Introduction by William Morris Davis (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson and Son University Press, 1894). 11. Ian L. McHarg, A Quest for Life (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996). 12. The first survey typically included in the formal...