Educating in the Divine Image: Gender Issues in Orthodox Jewish Day Schools

Notes

Notes Introduction. Gender, Judaism, and Educating in the Divine Image 1. PaulaHyman,“LookingtotheFuture,”inDaughtersoftheKing:Womenandthe Synagogue, ed. Susan Grossman and Rivka Haut (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1992), 298. 2. Barrie Thorne, Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993), 4. 3. Hervé Varenne and Ray McDermott, Successful Failure: The Schools America Builds (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998), 3–4. 4. Judith Plaskow, “Setting the Problem, Laying the Ground,” in Sexuality and the Sacred: Sources for Theological Reflection, ed. Marvin M Ellison and Kelly Brown Douglas (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010) 19. 5. Ansley Roan, “New Conservative Women Rabbis Face a Changed Profession,” http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Judaism/2001/05/New-­Conservative-­Women -­Rabbis-­Face-­A-­Changed-­Profession.aspx#ixzz1muUp5u6k. 6. Karla Goldman, “Reform Judaism in the United States,” Jewish Women’s Encyclopedia of the Jewish Women’s Archives, http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article /reform-­judaism-­in-­united-­states. 7. Rebecca T. Alpert, “Reconstructionist Judaism in the United States,” Jewish Women’s Encyclopedia of the Jewish Women’s Archives, http://jwa.org/encyclopedia /article/reconstructionist-­judaism-­in-­united-­states. 8. Blu Greenberg, “Orthodox Feminism and the Next Century,” Sh’ma, January 2000, 1. 9. http://www.rabbis.org/news/article.cfm?id=105534. 10. Harriet Hartman and Moshe Hartman Gender and American Jews: Patterns in Work, Education, and Family in Contemporary Life (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2009), 260. 11. BluGreenberg,“TheChallengesAhead,”JOFAJournal3,no.2(Summer2002):2. 12. Rachel Furst, “Accounting for Gender in Religious Educational Role Modeling ,” http://www.jofa.org/social.php/education/generalreadi. 13. Steven M. Cohen and Samuel Heilman, in writing a review of current sociological research on Orthodoxy, bring in their introduction all the research that they claim had been done on Orthodoxy until that point, and there is not one woman mentioned. See Samuel C. Heilman and Steven M. Cohen, Cosmopolitans and Parochials : Modern Orthodox Jews in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989). The late Motti Bar-­Lev, noted sociologist of Israeli Orthodoxy, also routinely used all-­male samples, asking questions about identity such as, “will your wife cover her hair?” See Motti Bar-­ Lev, “Cultural Characteristics and Group Image of Reli- 296 notes to introduction gious Youth,” Youth and Society, 16, no. 2 (1984): 153–70. Similarly, Jeffrey Gurock, in The Men and Women of Yeshiva: Higher Education, Orthodoxy and American Judaism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988), devotes ten chapters exclusively to men, and one chapter at the very end to women, “The Women of Stern College.” Note that part of the book’s title is The Men and Women, when in fact it is almost entirely men. In fact, when Gurock writes that the administration was disappointed to learn that only 7 percent of Yeshiva University students are considering rabbinical school or teaching, it does not occur to the writer to mention that the ones considering rabbinical school are obviously men. The survey was obviously done on men. Psychologist Shraga Fisherman in Noar Ha-­kipot Hazrukot, a popular book among modern religious Jews in Israel, presumably examines the psychological processes of youth leaving Orthodoxy, but actually he interviewed only boys—and then generalized onto “all youth,” as if girls are completely invisible. See Shraga Fisherman, The Youth with the Strewn Skullcaps (Michlelet Orot Yisrael: Elkana, 1999). In Hebrew , its title is Noar Hakipot Ha-­zrukot. These are just a few examples. 14. Jack Wertheimer, ed., Learning and Community: Jewish Supplementary Schools in the Twenty-­ First Century (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2009) is an example of a book that demonstrates a gender consciousness, with an equal number of male and female contributors. 15. Zvi Grumet, ed., Jewish Education in Transition: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Jewish Education (Teaneck, NJ: Ben Yehuda Press, 2007). 16. Jane Eisner, “Where Are the Jewish Women?” Huffington Post, January 25, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jane-­eisner/where-­are-­the-­jewish-­women _b_1229235.html. 17. Jane Eisner and Maia Efrem, “Gender Equality Elusive in Salary Survey,” Forward ,December9,2011,http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?Publication ID=13452. 18. http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/Speakers.aspx. 19. Nessa Rapoport, “Dreams of Paradise: Learning in God’s Image,” in Gender Issues in Jewish Day Schools, ed. Janna Kaplan and Shulamith Reinharz (Waltham, MA: Women’s Studies Program, Brandeis University, 1997), 17. 20. See, for example, the program of the 2011 Association for Jewish Studies conference , with an equal number and male and female presenters, http...