Index
Acid rain, 61, 157, 205. See also Sulfur gases Adaptation to climate change as approach to global warming, 194–95, 212–13 Agriculture, 116, 121–22, 172 Akkadian Empire, collapse of, 121 Alaska, global warming effects, 174 Albedo, earth, 91, 172, 193, 210 Allen, Joe, 20 Alley, Richard, 74–76 Alpine glaciers, 116 –17 American Midwest, climate effects on, 35, 173–74 Ammonium as measure of biomass levels, 155, 156 Amundsen, Roald, 49 –50 Amundsen Sea Low, 139, 141 Anderson, Ken, 68 Antarctica: extreme weather events, 162–63; iceberg discharges, 103; initial expedition , 27 –31; ITASE, 208 –10; pre-GISP2 expedition, 44–57; and Shackleton’s expeditions , 204; transportation and resupply in, 179 –82; warming trend in, 141–42; Wright Valley, 21–24 Anthropogenic aerosols, 184 Anthropogenic atmospheric contributions. See Human activity Antigua and Barbados, 36 Apollo missions, 20 Archaeology, application to paleoclimatology , 120 Astronomical theory of climate change, 99 – 101. See also Earth orbital cycles Atmosphere: Antarctic effect on circulation of, 210; circulation history for LIA/MWP, 136 –41, 143, 144; dust and sea salt elements of, 97; glacial clues to past composition of, 11, 13–14; and Holocene RCCE intervals, 114–15; reconstruction of circulation patterns, 90. See also Human activity; Natural climate system Atmospheric pressure, 136 –39 Baker, James, 3 Barlow, Lisa, 123 Bar-Yosef, Ofer, 120 Begley, Sharon, 141 Bender, Michael, 77 Bentley, Charlie, 41 Berger, Andre, 100 Berylium 10 and solar variability factor, 107 Beta radioactivity transport to Greenland and Antarctica, 56 Biomass emissions and color, 154–55, 156, 193 Birks, J. W., 169 Blair, Tony, 190 Borns, Harold, 28 Broecker, Wallace, 41, 124 Buckland, Paul, 122 Butyl acetate, 68 C-130 aircraft, 179 –82 Calcium concentration and Younger Dryas period, 95 Calkin, Parker, 27 –28 Index Numbers in bold refer to illustrations. Camp Century project, 85 Cape Evans, 30 Carbon dioxide levels: development of knowledge of, 25 –26, 36; plants as moderators of, 154–55; role in climate change, 146, 147 –50. See also Greenhouse gases Carbon 14 variations and solar variability, 106 –7 CFCs. See Chlorofluorocarbons Chandler, David S., 161 Chemical analysis: ammonium as measure of biomass levels, 155; atmospheric composition and solar variability, 107 –8; and atmospheric pressure, 139; calcium concentration and Younger Dryas period, 95; CFCs, 44–45, 47, 153–54, 184; chloride and Little Ice Age, 121; and Earth orbital factors in climate change, 98; function of, 96 –97; and Maya civilization disappearance, 124; measurement techniques for ice cores, 87 –90; oxygen isotope measurements, 34, 77, 87 –88; potassium and atmospheric circulation, 139, 155; sulfur gases, 133–35, 154, 155 –58, 169. See also Greenhouse gases Chernobyl radiation, 46, 55 –56, 77 China, climatic impact of industrialization, 189 Chloride and Little Ice Age, 121 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 44–45, 47, 153–54, 184. See also Ozone levels Cirque glaciers, 13 Clean Air Act (1970), 48, 61, 156 CLIMAP. See Climate Long-Range Investigation and Mapping Project Climate: changing nature of, 5 –7; natural impact on human society, 7 –8; scientific shift in view of, 108; vs. weather, 4–5 Climate, History, and the Modern World (Lamb), 7 Climate change: GISP2 role in understanding , 2–3; political issues in, 3–4; and social change, 4–9. See also Glacial periods; Global warming; Instability of climate; RCCEs Climate Long-Range Investigation and Mapping Project (CLIMAP), 32–35 Clinton, Bill, 189 Clouds, role in climate change, 154 Colwell, Rita R., 195 –96 Continuity of ice core record, 77 –78 Controlling of climate system, 191–92, 213 Cooling of climate. See Global cooling Cooling period (1940 –1970), 133–35 Core processing line (CPL), 70 –73 Cotton, William R., 172 Crevasse hazards in Antarctica, 50 –51 Croll, James, 99 Crutzen, Paul, 25, 169 Cuffey, Curt, 88 Dancing snow, 162–63 Dansgaard, Willi, 39, 87 Dansgaard/Oeschger events, 85 –86 Dating techniques for ice cores, 73–77 Deforestation, 147, 172 Denton, George, 32, 116 Desertification, 172 Developed countries, position on correcting climate impacts, 189 –90, 197 Developing countries, concerns about responsibilities for climate change, 167, 188 –89 Dibb, Jack, 53–54, 77 Disease and global warming, 37, 195 –96 Drill dome, photos, xxviii, 2,3 Drill, GISP: engineering and set-up, 62–64, 66 –73; site selection, 57 –62 Droughts: American Midwest, 35; climatic effects on civilizations, 122, 123–24; global warming effects, 163–64; Great Plains area, 174; southeast U.S., 173; Texas, 4 Dry valleys in Antarctica, 22 Dust analysis: and atmospheric pressure data, 136, 138; elements in, 96; historical changes in levels, 155; and...
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