Gender, Religion, and Family Law: Theorizing Conflicts between Women’s Rights and Cultural Traditions

Index

index Page numbers in italics refer to tables. African Customary Law: adaptability of, 194–95; challenge to balance individual rights with, 168, 170, 171; colonialism and, 168, 170, 192, 195–96, 203; defined, 194; gender equality and, 195–96, 198–99; history of polygyny in, 191–94; RCMA, 191–92, 193, 200–202, 203, 204, 209n64, 210n84; reform of, 194–200 agency, individual: among religious parties in family law cases, 146–52; challenges of supporting in family law, 46, 59–60; and multiculturalism , xxii–xxvi, 76–77, 78–79. See also wedding ritual agunah, 55, 93, 120, 216, 236n8 Ahmed v. Ahmed (2008, U.S.), 96–97 Akileh v. Elchahal (1996, U.S.), 95, 145, 150 Aleem v. Aleem (2007, U.S.), 100–102 alternative dispute resolution (ADR), 40, 42, 46 Amadiume, Ifi, 272–73 Amlani v. Hirani (2000, Canada), 148–49 Amod v. Multilateral Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (1999, S. Africa), 171 An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed, 20, 185 apartheid and human rights, 168. See also South Africa arbitration: British law, 79–80; Canadian Sharia law controversy, 87; South Africa, 182–83; United States, 92–103. See also privatized diversity in Canadian family law Arbitration Act (1991) (Canada), 42, 68n9 Arrêt de la Cour d’appel de Douai (1976, France), 151 autonomy: challenges of supporting in family law, 46, 59–60, 82, 85; in mahr law, 139; minority groups vs. majority culture, xvi–xvii, xx–xxii, 52, 67n3, 77, 133n15, 151, 167; pluralism and religious community tensions, xix–xxiv, xxxivn29, 18, 104, 122, 126, 127, 165, 172, 181. See also agency, individual Avitzur v. Avitzur (1983, U.S.), 93–94 Aziz v. Aziz (1985, U.S.), 145, 147 Baback Sérères, Senegal. See Temple for Women Initiates project “bad man” theory of the law, 146–52 Baines, Beverly, 103 bargaining, 8, 51, 72n38, 93, 137, 144– 46, 183, 201, 203–4 Bekker, J. C., 192 Bender, Leslie, 126 Benjamin, Orly, 228, 231 beth din courts, 54, 62–63, 64, 80, 93 Bhe and Others v. the Magistrate of Khayelitsha and Others (2005, S. Africa), 170, 194 bride as social resource vs. social agent, 218. See also wedding ritual 300 · index Britain, Islamic vs. civil family law, 3, 39, 78–80 Broyde, Michael J., 93 Bruker v. Markovitz (2007, Canada), 54–57, 64, 74n53, 74n57, 112n97 Canada: hostility and prejudice toward minorities in, xvi–xvii, 9–10, 52; human rights vs. religious traditions in Québec, 4–5, 51, 55–56, 150–51; immigration policy concerning treatment of women, xvi; mahr case analysis, 142, 148–49, 150–51; redefinition of marriage, 86; treatments of religious difference, 8–11, 30nn34–35; veiling controversy in, 77. See also privatized diversity in Canadian family law Carnelley, Marita, 202 Case, Mary Anne, 77 cause lawyering, xxv, 119, 124–26, 128 Centre for Applied Legal Studies (CALS), Gender Research Project, 197–201 change processes, 245–46 Channock, Martin, 195, 196 Chaudry v. Chaudry (1978, U.S.), 99–100 children: civil law’s responsibility to educate on gender equality, 105; educational requirements by the state and, 21 Christian influence on civil family law: Africa, 170, 192, 194, 268, 278; Canada, 142; Europe, 24; United States, 24, 82, 85, 86, 88, 108n43 citizenship: family law jurisdiction in U.S. and, 91–103; privatized identities vs. public law and, 39, 40, 42, 46, 48; religious restrictions on women’s equal, 83–84 civil marriage as benchmark, 85 Code de la Famille, 268 cognitive identity dissonance for Orthodox Jewish women, 219–20, 233–34 colonialism: impact on South African Customary Law, 168, 170, 192, 195–96, 203; patriarchy’s domination of African matriarchal systems, 276, 278, 280–81, 287n10, 288n13 communitarian critique of multiculturalism , xix community property, 99 compromise perspective on civil vs. religious family law, 7, 8–15, 17–20, 26, 30nn34–35, 32n45 conflict theory, 242, 245–47 Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA), 194–95 congruence argument for religious and civil family law, 85–89, 105 consent issue for women, and privatized justice, 50–51, 52, 72n36 Constitution of Senegal on religious freedom, 281 Constitution of South Africa Act 108 (1996), 166, 169, 172, 176–77, 178–79, 180–81, 195–96 Convention on Cultural Diversity (CDD), Senegal, 284, 290n25 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 172–73, 191 convergence perspective on civil vs. index · 301 religious family law, 11, 15–20, 26, 31n38...