Index
Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. Trees and animals are indexed under their common names. Acadia (Acadie), 55, 84–85, 106, 160 Acadian Forest, 37, 70, 72, 85, 160–161 acid rain: causes, 191–193, 194; and the Clean Air Act, 195–196; in the future, 196–197; and Maine forests, 127, 194–197, 195; recent recovery from, 194–196 Adams, Solomon, 56 Adirondack–New England Mixed Forest Province, 160 albedo, 20–21, 22, 23, 218. See also climate change alder, 29, 67 Allagash River and Wilderness Waterway (State of Maine), 115, 125, 129 Allen, Nancy, 127 Alley, Richard, 45, 231 Almquist-Jacobson, Heather, 44 alpine communities, 7, 145, 147, 150, 169, 206, 228 American Revolution, and settlement of Maine, 101, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111 Anderson, Dennis, 171 Androscoggin River, 106, 107, 110, 127 animals: changes in response to past climate change, 43, 45; climate change impacts now and in the future, 220–221, 221, 223, 228–234, 231; development impacts, 206, 210–211; establishment of modern species after deglaciation, 43–44; extirpation during settlement, 104, 117–119; mixing of boreal and temperate species, 162, 163, 163, 165; post-glacial megafauna, 40–44; 20th-century return of extirpated and diminished species, 126, 133. See also names of specific animals apple tree, 102–103 Aroostook River, 26, 112 ash: 29, 55–56, 103, 111, 135, 189, 199, 226; black (brown), 61, 62, 72, 199; white, 61, 62, 72, 132. See also emerald ash borer Asian longhorned beetle, 198–199, 198, 204, 232 Asiatic bittersweet, 199 aspen (popple): in current forests, 6, 73, 103, 134, 171; in future forests, 233; harvest and use, 121; in postglacial forests, 29, 36; in presettlement forests, 58, 61, 62, 73, 88 Augusta, ME, 55, 110, 194 auk, great, 43, 118 Bailey-McMahon ecoregion system, 158–160, 159, 164–169 Ballard, Ephraim, 56–58, 101, 108, 132 balm-of-Gilead. See poplar, balsam Bangor, ME, 6, 55, 58–59, 59, 63, 115, 116, 150 barberry, Japanese, 197–198 Barton, Andrew, 103, 152 Basin Preserve (Nature Conservancy ), 4, 15, 31, 67, 88 basswood, 48, 55, 57, 59, 62, 67, 101 340 i n de x Baxter State Park (State of Maine), 84, 88, 125, 145, 147, 150 Baxter, Percival P., 125 Bear Brook Watershed, ME, 192 bear: black, 118, 126, 152; brown, 42; grizzly, 42; polar, 42; short-faced, 42 beaver, American, 42, 43, 44, 60, 104, 117–119, 126, 133 beech bark-scale insect-Neonectria disease , 125, 134, 152, 198, 232 beech, American: in current forests, 48, 55, 88, 103, 125, 132, 134, 135, 152, 158, 168–169, 171, 226; in future forests , 232; harvest and use of, 111; in old-growth forests, 72, 72, 80, 82; in post-glacial forests, 16, 36–37, 39, 44, 67–68, 132; in presettlement forests, 6, 46, 54–58, 60, 61–65, 62, 65, 101, 132, 134, 135, 168. See beech barkscale insect-Neonectria disease Belmont, ME, 56 Bennett, Dean, 142 Besse farm, 132, 174 Bhiry, Najat, 37 Big Reed Forest Reserve (The Nature Conservancy), 68–81, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 204 Big Twenty Township, ME, 66 Bigelow Mountains and Preserve (State of Maine), 101, 129, 152 Bingham Purchase, 101, 108 Bingham, ME, 25 biological diversity, 6–8, 52, 128, 139, 142–143; assessment in Maine, 134, 169, 177–179; causes in Maine, 172–175; of communities, 20, 29, 151, 157; of ecoregions, 155–160, 157, 159; of old-growth, 71–72, 82; of species, 4, 128, 134, 152 biomass energy in Maine, 207–208 biomes, 37, 156, 157, 158, 220; and Maine, 37, 160–163, 162, 163 biophysical regions. See ecoregions birch, gray, 138, 174 birch, heartleaf, 71, 72, 206 birch, mountain paper. See heartleaf birch birch, paper. See white birch birch, sweet, 154–155, 161, 221 birch, white: in current forests, 55, 88, 103, 135, 170, 226; in future forests, 221; in old-growth forests, 71, 72; in post-glacial forests, 68; in presettlement forests, 61–62, 62, 66, 135 birch, yellow: in current forests, 48, 134, 135, 152; in old-growth forests, 70–72, 72; in post-glacial forests, 36, 68; in presettlement forests, 60, 61, 62, 64, 78, 134, 135 birch: in current forests, 5–6, 48, 55, 88, 103, 134, 135, 138, 152–154, 169–171, 174, 226; in future forests, 199, 206, 221; in old-growth forests, 70–72, 72; in post-glacial forests, 16, 29, 36–37, 67, 68; in presettlement forests , 50, 54...
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