Religion and Jewish Identity in the Soviet Union, 1941–1964

Index

Index Agarunov, Rabbi Moisei, 126 Agmon, Avraham, 244 Agranov, Rabbi Iuda, 131 Alexandrovich, Mikhail, 135 All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VtslK), 192, 287n23; and matzah, 169 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee , 78–80, 193, 230; and matzah, 170 Amirov, Rabbi Shamuil, 126 annexed territories, religious affairs in, 3–6 Antakalnis cemetery, 213 antireligion doctrine, implementation of, 1 antireligion propaganda campaign, and 1954 resolution, 90–91 antireligious literature, 104 antisemitism, 45, 77, 86, 88, 103, 106–7, 254; rise of, in 1953, 78–80 Arbaa Minim, 247–48 Armenian-Georgian Church, 233 Artski, S. V., 91–92 atheist-scientific propaganda, 90 “atomization” policy toward Jewish population , 60, 81 av beis din, 122 Avidar, Yosef, 244 Avigur, Shaul, 242 Babi Yar, 214; and cemeteries, 211; and mass murder, 84–85; memorialization of, 186 Baku, and circumcision, 203 Balta, and synagogue closures, 108 Baltic states: and aid, 231; and Holocaust memorials , 220. See also Latvia; Lithuania Baranovichi, and minyans, 68 Bardakh, S. I., 93–94, 175 baths, ritual. See mikvas Beilis, Menachem, 99 Belaia Tser'kov, 108, 148, 210; and Yom Kippur, 186 Belgorod-Dnestrovskii, and synagogue closures, 71 Belorussia: and assemblies, 83, 85; and High Holiday minyans, 49; and Holocaust memorials , 220; Jewish theater in, 52; and minyans, 44, 48; and rabbis, 126; and registration of congregations, 25–27; and sites for synagogues, 31; suppression of religion in, 2; and unregistered congregations, 28. See also names of towns Belous, Mordechai, 125 Ben-Gurion, David, 241, 297n35, 298n50 Berdichev: and cantors, 137, 283n7; and charity , 195; and Holocaust memorials, 219, 222–23; and Israeli Embassy visits, 246; and matzah, 173; and nationalism, 61; and synagogue closures, 71 Beregovo: and confiscation of Torah scrolls, 113; and synagogue closures, 109 Berger, Rabbi Yaakov Yosef, 66, 126, 146, 196, 235–36 Beriia, Lavrentii, 11–12 Berkovitch, Rabbi David, 80 Bernadotte Plan, 241 Bernshtein, Joseph, 93–94, 276n15 Bershad': and High Holidays of 1954, 92; and holidays, 184–85; and Holocaust memorials , 219 Birobidzan, Jewish theater in, 52 Blot, Aharon, 137 Bobruisk: and Jewish financing for reconstruction , 33–34; and kosher fowl, 164; and Passover, 190; and rabbis, 130 Borisov: and food for holidays, 189; and structures for synagogues, 37; and unregistered congregations, 28 Borochov, Ber, 215, 293n37 Bratslav, and synagogues, 265n37 Bread for the Poor, 196 316 Index bribes, and minyans, 45–47 Bronshtein, Shmuel-Ber, 155 Budilov, Shmuel, 136 Buinaksk, and rabbis, 125–26 Bukharan Jews, and cemeteries, 207 Bukovina, and aid, 231 burial societies (hevrot kadisha), 223–28, 295n72. See also names of towns cannibalism, 193 cantorial concert, 135 cantors, 133–39. See also names of towns Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Church; Russian Orthodox Church cemeteries, 205–19, 256; as revenue source, 145. See also names of towns census of 1937, 3 Central Committee of the Communist Party, 1954 resolutions on atheist-scientific propaganda , 90–91 charity, 192–97. See also names of towns Chassidim, 4–5, 255; Chabad, and yeshivas, 153 Cherkassy: and matzah, 178; and synagogue closures, 109 Chernigov: and assemblies, 85; and burial societies, 226; and formation of state of Israel, 240; and matzah, 168, 171, 175; and Yom Kippur, 186 Chernobyl, and cemeteries, 293n37 Chernovtsy: and aid, 231; and burial societies , 225–26, 295n72; and cantors, 133, 137, 283n7; and cemeteries, 212; and charity, 196; and circumcision, 203; and confiscation of Torah scrolls, 113; elimination of rabbinate in, 122; and formation of state of Israel, 238–39; and High Holidays, 186, 188; and holidays, 184; and Holocaust memorials , 221; Jewish theater in, 52; and kosher meat, 163; and matzah, 170, 177, 180; and mikvas, 198–200; and Passover, 186; and permit for heder, 155; and rabbis, 131; and synagogue closures, 75; and work rules, 184; and yeshivas, 153–54 Chervatskii, Yaakov, 137 Cherven', and Holocaust memorials, 220 Chief Rabbi of the Soviet Union, creation of position, 19–20 Chmielnicki, Bogdan, 65 Chubrutskii, Shmuel, 3–4, 9, 20, 230; and charity, 194 circumcision, 200–204. See also names of towns Cold War, 60, 76–77 Commissar of Justice, 192; and charity, 192–93 Committee for Religious Affairs, and matzah, 169 Communism, religion of, 252 Communist Party: Eighteenth Congress (1939), 2; Twentieth Congress (1956), 92, 220; Twenty-first Congress (1959), 102 congregations: attendance following Nazi invasion, 10; lease or rental of buildings for, 38–39; and matzah, 175–80; nonreligious functions of, 61–63; number of, in 1941, 5; obtaining structures for, 29–40; reason for continued existence of, 76–78; registration of, 23–27, 39, 263n7; and relationship with rabbis...