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a n o t e s A Introduction 1. Immerman, Empire for Liberty, 12. 2. Johnson, Blowback, 4. 3. U.S. Department of Defense, Base Structure Report. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s Background Paper on SIPRI Military Expenditure Data, 2010, in 2010 Europe spent $382 billion (of which Western Europe spent $268 billion, Eastern Europe $65.5 billion, and Central and South Eastern Europe $48.3 billion); Central America and the Caribbean spent $6.5 billion; South America spent $63.3 billion; Africa spent $30.1 billion , Asia and Oceania spent $317 billion (China spent $119 billion); the Middle East spent $111 billion; Canada spent $22.8 billion; and the United States spent $698 billion. The dramatic difference between the expenditures of the United States and the other countries and regions (the rest of the world spent $932 billion) points to America’s commitment to maintaining a global military network. 4. Johnson, Blowback, 5. 5. Johnson, Dismantling the Empire, 14. 6. Johnson, Blowback, 12. 7. Jefferson, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 237. 8. Ibid., 238. 9. Immerman, Empire for Liberty, 5. 10. Jefferson, Republic of Letters, 1586. 11. Immerman, Empire for Liberty, 15. 12. Bogues, Empire of Liberty, 11–12. 13. Pease, National Identities and Post-Americanist Narratives, 4. 1. Empire and Dissent 1. Limón, “Translating Empire,” 31. Limón seeks to “translate empire” by rethinking empire as a space of overlaps and disjunctions. See Mark Bauerlein’s Literary Criticism for an incisive critique of the excessive zeal to make the study of literary and culture relevant to other worldly concerns. His point is not that such studies should not be conducted, but that very often both the way in which they are conceptualized and the way in which an array of 194 notes to cha p ter 1 methodologies and categories are deployed without a sustained examination of their appropriateness for the task at hand pointlessly support particular political and ideological orientations. Slippery terms, loosely defined concepts , inadequate understanding of how terms are used in other disciplines, the subordination of exegetical labor by the zeal to develop predetermined lines of argument that deliberately discount contradictory tensions—these are some of the problems Bauerlein addresses. 2. A. Kaplan, “Violent Belongings and the Question of Empire Today,” 8. 3. Ibid., 9. 4. Ibid., 10. 5. Giles, “Response to the Presidential Address to the American Studies Association ,” 20. 6. Limón, “Translating Empire,” 30. 7. Ibid., 31 (emphasis added). 8. May, “Echoes of the Cold War,” 38. 9. Ibid., 39–40. 10. Young, “Ground Zero,” 14. 11. Ibid., 16–17 (emphasis added). 12. Butler, “Explanation and Exoneration, or What We Can Hear,” 182. 13. Bérubé, The Left at War, 43. 14. Ibid., 7, 12, 39. 15. Jay, “White Out,” 781. 16. Bauerlein, Literary Criticism, 36. 17. Benhabib, The Claims of Culture, 95–100. In 1989 three girls in France were expelled from school for wearing headscarves; this issue sparked off a national debate about secularism, multiculturalism, and religion that lasted well into the mid-1990s, with the French Supreme Court weighing in with a ruling that school authorities could make decisions they considered reasonable (95–98). See also “French Government Approves Curfew Powers.” 18. Jay, “White Out,” 784. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid., 782–84 (emphasis added). 21. Cushman, “The Reflexivity of Evil,” 84. 22. Geddes, Introduction, 3. 23. Gaddis, “And Now This,” 5 (emphasis added). 24. Power, “A Problem From Hell,” xiii (emphasis added). 25. Ibid., xvii. 26. Quoted in Jacquard, In the Name of Osama Bin Laden, 259–61. 27. Kadir, “Defending America against Its Devotees.” 28. Ibid., 142. 29. La Foy, The Chaco Dispute and the League of Nations, 1, 134. 30. Garner, The Chaco Dispute, 26. 31. del Vayo, “The Chaco War,” 150. 32. La Foy, The Chaco Dispute and the League of Nations, 9–11. See also Farcau, The Chaco War, 7. 33. Garner, The Chaco Dispute, 33. 34. Rout, Politics of the Chaco Peace Conference, 16–17. [18.209.31.38] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 06:22 GMT) notes to cha pter 1 195 35. Ibid., 45, 67. 36. McCormack, “A Historical Case for the Globalization of International Law,” 294. 37. Del Vayo, “The Chaco War,” 159. 38. Ibid., 157. 39. Garner, The Chaco Dispute, 25. 40. Ibid., 25–26. 41. Zook, The Conduct of the Chaco War, 62. 42. Farcau, The Chaco War, 87–88; Zook, The Conduct of the Chaco War, 126, 149. 43. Farcau, The Chaco War...