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277 Index Abraham (patriarch), 68, 87 Abraham ben David, 102 Abraham of Cologne, 58–59 abstention. See chastity; menstruation; sexuality and sexual relations Abu Aaron, 49 Abulafia, Abraham, 201n34 adepts, 15–17, 21, 68, 73, 116, 133 Afriyya of Basra, 137 Against Heresies, 75 Ahriman, 89–90 Ahura Mazda, 89–90 Ain Sof, 64, 85 Āisha, 130–31 Albert, Ada Rapoport. See RapoportAlbert , Ada Alfonso the Wise, 96 al Nakawa, Israel, 122 al-Qushayrī, 134–35 al-Thalabi, 87 Altmann, Alexander, 57 amenorrhea and amenorrheacs, 138–39, 170, 172, 218n55, 234–35n3 Angelet, Joseph, 64, 89, 94, 210n26 Angel of Death, 114, 118 Anselm of Laon, 160 arayot. See sexuality and sexual relations: forbidden Aristotle and Aristotelianism, 63–64, 101, 106–8, 216n21, 218n58 asceticism, 16, 37, 140–41, 143 Augustine of Canterbury (archbishop), 147 Augustine of Hippo, 161 Avner of Burgos, 64 Azriel of Gerona, 72 Baalei ha-Nefesh, 102 baal qeri, the, 9, 19–21, 52, 180n50, 180n53, 197n78, 229n19 Bah . ya ben Asher, 111–12, 120 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 86 basilisk. See serpent imagery Baskin, Judith, 2, 51 Beraita d’Niddah (BdN), 28, 186n1; comparison with rabbinic law, 28–33; Hekhalot literature/traditions and, 36–37, 41, 59; influence of, 43, 51, 173; Kabbalah and kabbalists and, 118–20; view of menstrual impurity/ menstruants, 29–33, 41–42, 69, 118–19, 122 Biale, David, 6 biblical commentaries, 111, 122. See also Leviticus: commentaries and exegesis; Christian, 158–64; Nahmanides, 108–11; Recanati, 122 biology (theories), 103–4, 216n23. See also Aristotle and Aristotelianism; Democritus; differentiation, sexual; Galen; gynecological theories and gynecology; Isaac the Blind births, monstrous, 231n61. See also progeny blessings. See prayers and blessings, recitation of blood, 21–23, 104, 184n46, 185n65, 217n38. See also menstrual blood body-spirit dichotomy, 138, 147 books (holy), 45–46, 50, 193nn14–15, 195n45, 225n5 Bordo, Susan, 138 Branham, Joan R., 146 Brinner, William, 88 Brody, Seth, 65 Brown, Peter, 171 Brundage, James, 152, 165, 167 Burchard (bishop of Worms), 164–65 Bynum, Caroline, 21, 169 278 · Index canon law and legal compendia, 151, 153–54, 157, 164–68 Canon of Regino of Prüm, 150–51 celibacy, 145, 156, 171 chariot. See merkavah/Merkavah mysticism and mystics Charlemagne, 152 chastity, 145, 161. See also sexual relations, forbidden; virginity children, conceiving, 37–38. See also procreation Christianity and Christians, 96 (See also clergy-laity dichotomy; mysticism and mystics, female: Christian); attitude to ritual acts/purity, 126, 144–48, 174 (See also menstrual laws; menstruation); British and Irish, 149–50, 228n12, 230n34; monastic, 51; reforms (See clerical reforms ); science and, 98; Syrian, 102 churches, 144–52, 168 churching ritual, 234n122 church reforms. See clerical reforms circumambulation, 131–32, 143 clergy-laity dichotomy, 157, 167, 170 clerical marriage, 157, 165 clerical reforms, 156–57, 164 clothing, 82–83, 208n49, 208n55 Cohen, Shaye, 55 College of Montpelier, 102 Comestor, Peter, 163–64, 232n88 concupiscence, 145, 148–49, 160–61 Conference on the Birds, 139–40 confessional manuals. See summa confessorum corpse impurity, 31–33, 118, 188n32 Corrector, The, 164–65 creation accounts, 55–56, 79 cults, Near Eastern, 105, 188n37 Cummean, penitential of, 151 Dan, Joseph, 15 Dead Sea sects. See Qumran community and literature death, 6–7, 33–34, 112, 117–18, 172, 188n37. See also Angel of Death; corpse impurity Decretum (Burchard), 164–65 Decretum (Gratian; Harmony of Discordant Canons), 157, 165–66 Decretum (Ivo of Chartres), 165 Deitsh, Yoseph Eliyahu, 175 de Leon, Moses. See Moses de Leon of Guadalajara Democritus, 101 demonic pollution. See menstruants; Samael de Nie, Giselle, 152 De Rerum Naturis (On the Nature of Things), 159 dhikr (form of Islamic prayer), 132–34, 142–43, 226n30 Didascalia Apostolorum, 146 differentiation, sexual, 100–102. See also gynecological theories and gynecology Dionysius (bishop of Alexandria), 146 distana. See menstruants divine, the: access to, 1, 4–5, 17–18, 133–34, 174; barriers to, 2, 10–11, 16–18, 26–27, 37, 42, 51–52, 136, 193n14; emulation of, 43, 70–71; female and male aspects, 57–58, 60. See also Shekhinah; Yesod divine harmony/union, 67, 70, 76–81, 133 divine name, 26, 40–42, 71, 74; contemplation of/meditation on, 58, 133–34; Hekhalot literature/traditions and, 42; Pietist esoteric theology and, 53; ritual acts/purity and, 69, 202n49 divine vision, 72, 74. See also mystical vision; Shekhinah divine world, 75–77, 81, 206n21, 206n24 Douglas, Mary, 6, 95–96 dualism and duality, 100, 138–39. See also Shekhinah education of women. See women’s...

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