A City of Marble: The Rhetoric of Augustan Rome

Index

Acropolis (Athens), 65–66 Actium, Battle of (31 b.c.e.): altar iconography and, 114, 116–17; coin iconography and, 95, 171n45, 171n46; Octavian’s victory at, 11, 12, 118; peace following, 13, 47; Principate starting date and, 158n1; restoration of the republic following, 114; Roman mythic history and, 46–47, 85 Aeneas, myth of, 14–15; in altar imagery, 118, 121–22; in Ara Pacis friezes, 40, 42–45, 44 (fig. 2), 48; in Augustan imagery, 59 (fig. 7), 60; Augustan political myth and, 15, 18; in coin imagery, 95, 171n44; in Forum Augustum statue group, 60, 63 (fig. 11), 64 (fig. 12), 65, 132; as history, 159n25; imitation and, 140–42, 141 (fig. 47); parodies of, 132, 142–43, 142 (fig. 48), 143 (fig. 49), 144, 145–47 Aeneid (Virgil), 14–15, 18; Ara Pacis and, 43, 44–45, 44 (fig. 2), 53; Augustan political myth established in, 45, 84, 85–86, 113; fate as described in, 45; Forum Augustum and, 76, 77; sow prophecy in, 43; writing of, 170n17 Agrippa: in Ara Pacis friezes, 40; artists located by, 41; Augustus’s eulogy for, 27; coin images of, 85 (fig. 15), 90 (fig. 18), 92, 93; coins issued by, 170n28; death of, 51, 90; fictitious speeches attributed to, 27; as intended successor, 85–86, 89–90, 93, 170n30 Alba Longa, Kings of, 65 Aldrete, Gregory, 33, 35 Alexander the Great, 65 altars, 9, 87. See also Altars of the Lares; Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) Altars of the Lares: Ara Pacis as influence on, 118–19; artistic significance of, 173n16; Augustan political myth as depicted on, 117–23, 118 (fig. 36); construction of, 110, 111–13; dynastic scene depicted on, 120–21, 121 (fig. 40); iconography of, 110–11, 113–17, 114 (fig. 32), 115 (fig. 33), 119 (figs. 37–38), 126–29, 172n9; imitation as rhetorical strategy in, 123–29; locations of, 172n9, 175n61; as pastiche of dominant iconography, 127–29; public memory and, 129–30; sacrifices depicted on, 123, 123 (fig. 42), 124 (figs. 43–44), 126; selfrepresentation on, 174n33; vernacular rhetoric of, 110–11, 129–30; as visual rhetoric, 130 amplification, 48; Ara Pacis use of, 56; in coinage, 107–8; definitions, 44; Forum Augustum use of, 65 Ancient Orators (Dionysius), 69, 154, 158n29 Anderson, James C., 76 Annals (Tacitus), 16–17 Antonius, 10, 11, 12, 17, 27, 38, 61, 114, 154 “aping,” 138–40, 178n73 Apollo (Roman deity), 115 Apollodorus of Pergamum, 7, 27 Apollo Sandaliarius (Roman deity), 121 Apologia (Apuleius), 79 Apuleius, 79 Aquillius, Manius, 25 Arab Spring, 152 Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace), 40 (fig. 1); Aeneas scene on, 42–45, 44 (fig. 2); Altars of the Lares influenced by, 118–19; antecedents of, 41; artistic significance of, 41, 66; authorship of, 163n4; coinage influenced by, 83–84, IndEx 186 Index Ara Pacis Augustae (continued) 87–88; construction of, 38, 90, 113, 163n4; described, 39–41; functions of, 38–39, 41, 51–52, 56–57, 110; location of, 39, 52; Mars scene on, 42, 45–47, 46 (fig. 3); memory and, 57; monuments surrounding, 51; Pax Augusta and, 38–39, 45–47, 52–55, 52 (fig. 5); procession scenes on, 48–52, 49 (fig. 4), 164n50; as rhetorical text, 2, 22, 47–48, 55–57, 65, 153; Roman mythic history depicted on, 42–47, 44 (fig. 2), 46 (fig. 3), 60, 63, 122; Roman popular reception of, 57; Roma scene on, 52–53, 52 (fig. 5), 63, 64; Tellus scene on, 53, 54 (fig. 6), 55, 63, 64 architecture, 2–3, 6, 32–34 Aristotle: amplification as defined by, 44; “mind’s eye” psychological model of, 25, 28; on panegyric, 165n6; rhetorical classifications of, 22; rhetoric as defined by, 25, 28; statues of, 74 army, 17 arts, 2–3, 26–28 Ascanius. See Julus Asia Minor, mints in, 169n12 atrium, 60, 70, 72, 78, 153 Atticus, 32, 74 auctoritas, 51, 68, 72, 112, 167n43 Augustales (magistrate positions): freedmen as, 132–34; functions of, 132, 140; funerary monuments of, 134, 137–38, 138 (fig. 45), 139 (fig. 46); imitation and, 138–40, 146; munificence of, 133, 136–38; origins of unclear, 132; qualifications for, 132–33; satirical portrayals of, 131, 133, 139–40 Augustan building programs: Augustan rhetoric and, 2, 32–33; Augustus’s involvement in, 163n4, 176n29; as display of Roman supremacy, 1–2, 41, 66; influence on other media, 88; memory and, 35–36; munificence and, 134–35; as official account of Augustus’s reign, 39; piety...