Jewish Sanctuary in the Atlantic World: A Social and Architectural History

Illustrations

Illustrations Figures The hechal at the Portuguese Synagogue of 1675 in Amsterdam 12 The tebah at the Portuguese Synagogue of 1675 during the holiday of Rosh Ha-Shanna 13 A schematic of the open central aisle plan 15 A schematic of the theater-style plan 15 A schematic of the central bimah-tebah plan 16 A schematic of the open double aisle plan 17 The engraving of the Joseph ben Meir ibn Shoshan Synagogue 18 Samuel ha-Levi Abulafia Synagogue, renovated as a church, artist unknown 19 Reprint from 1802 of Daniel Stalpaert’s c. 1662 plan for Amsterdam 37 An eighteenth-century view of Mr. Visserplein Street in Amsterdam 38 Haham Jacob Juda Leon (1602–75) 38 Map and index of the Atlantic World synagogues 48 Bilingual Latin-Hebrew map Hispania et Africa pars Occidentalis, c. 1700 55 Representatives of Spain’s Jewish community before King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella 60 An auto-da-fé and Jew 71 Title page of a Book of Prophets 100 Haham Menasseh ben Israel (1604–57) 101 Baruch Spinoza (1632–77) 105 The floor plan of the Esnoga and its dependencies 121 Jodensavanne, Surinam, as it appeared c. 1800 123 The brit milah, or circumcision 131 The pidyon ha-ben, or redemption of the firstborn son 132 A Dutch Sephardic wedding ceremony 133 The mikvah, a small pool of water fed from a spring or groundwater well 133 Cleaning the home for the Passover holiday 134 Illustrations ix The Passover seder 135 Sukkoth, also known as the Feast of Booths 135 Shmira is the vigil for the deceased held just after death and before burial 136 A Jewish burial 137 Front entrance to London’s New Synagogue 144 The front elevation of the Portuguese Synagogue (I) 219 Interior of the Portuguese Synagogue (I) 220 Close-up of the painting Governor Robinson Going to Church (c. 1740) 223 The exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue (II), often called the Esnoga 225 The interior of the Portuguese Synagogue (II) 226 Berakha ve Shalom Synagogue of Jodensavanne 231 The ruins of Berakha ve Shalom Synagogue of Jodensavanne 231 Front elevation of Bevis Marks Synagogue 234 Interior of Bevis Marks Synagogue 234 Front elevation of Neve Shalom Synagogue of Spanish Town, Jamaica 236 A redrawing of a building depicted in the painting titled the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue 238 The thumbnail sketch of Shearith Israel Synagogue (I), built in 1730 240 The “Little Synagogue” at Shearith Israel (V), built in 1895 214 Mikve Israel Synagogue, also known as the Snoa, built in 1732 244 Interior of the Snoa, looking toward the tebah 245 Front elevation of Zedek ve Shalom Synagogue, Paramaribo, Suriname 248 Interior of Zedek ve Shalom Synagogue exhibit at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel 249 The ruins of Honen Dalim Synagogue 251 A historic illustration of the Shaar Ha Shamaim Synagogue (II) 252 The front elevation of Touro Synagogue, built 1759–63 254 Interior of Touro Synagogue 255 Exterior of the Great Synagogue of Gibraltar 259 Hechal of the Great Synagogue of Gibraltar 260 The courtyard of Etz Chaim Synagogue in Gibraltar 263 Beth Elohim Synagogue of Charleston, c. 1812 265 Interior of Beth Elohim Synagogue of Charleston 265 Flemish Synagogue of Gibraltar 268 Abudarham Synagogue of Gibraltar 270 Beth Shalome Synagogue, Richmond, Virginia 271 x Illustrations Tables Table 1. The known synagogues of the Atlantic World between 1636 and 1822 49–50 Table 2. The Sephardic Synagogues built in the Dutch Empire before the Patriot Revolt in 1787 139 Tables 3 and 4. The synagogues built in the British Empire before the American Revolution in 1776 144–145 Tables 5 and 6. The breakdown of formal Jewish congregational life according to tradition, or minhag, in the United States, up to 1838 179–180 ...