Democracy and Rhetoric: John Dewey on the Arts of Becoming

Notes

NOTES Introduction 1. Dewey, “Democracy Is Radical,” 298–99. 2. For Dewey’s attitude toward art, see Alexander. 3. Ellul, Propaganda, xviii. 4. Foucault, Essential Foucault, 317. 5. Wichelns, “The Literary Criticism of Oratory,” 26–27. 6. Jaeger, Paideia 1:286. 7. Ibid. 2:151. 8. Farrell, Norms of Rhetorical Culture, 267. 9. Greene, “John Dewey’s Eloquent Citizen,” 189–200, 190. 10. Foucault, Essential Foucault, 26–34. 11. Danish, “Power and the Celebration of the Self,” 291–307, 305. 12. Guthrie, Sophists, 115. 13. Translated by Eric Havelock as quoted in Havelock, Liberal Temper in Greek Politics , 58. 14. Isocrates, Antidosis, §253–56. 15. Specifically Greene responds not to Dewey but to Christopher Lyle Johnstone’s reading of Dewey. 16. Dewey, Experience and Nature, 104. 17. Dewey, “Ethics of Democracy,” 246. 18. Dewey, “Creative Democracy,” 227. 19. Schudson, “Why Conversation Is Not the Soul of Democracy,” 300. 20. Dewey, “Basic Values and Loyalties,” 277. 21. Peters, Courting the Abyss, 275. 22. Crick, “Composition as Experience,” 254–75. 23. Foucault, Essential Foucault, 248. 24. Ibid., 354, 179. 25. Crick, John Dewey, 7. 26. Ibid., 10. 27. Dewey, Experience and Nature, 132. 28. Burks, “John Dewey and Rhetorical Theory,” 126. Three examples of attempts to reveal the rhetorical implications of Dewey are Johnstone,“Dewey, Ethics, and Rhetoric ,” 185–207; Mackin, “Rhetoric, Pragmatism, and Practical Wisdom”; and Bitzer, “Rhetoric and Public Knowledge,” 67–93. 29. Dykhuizen, Life and Mind of John Dewey, 64. 196 notes to pages 9–21 30. For the evolving relationship between aesthetics and communication in Dewey’s thought, see Crick, “John Dewey’s Aesthetics of Communication,” 303–19. 31. Dewey, “Fred Newton Scott,” 120–21. 32. Stewart and Stewart, Life and Legacy of Fred Newton Scott, 19. 33. Ibid., 3. 34. Kitzhaber, Rhetoric in American Colleges, 223. 35. Ibid. 36. Stewart and Stewart, Life and Legacy of Fred Newton Scott, 3. 37. Dewey, “Fred Newton Scott,” 121. 38. Danish, Pragmatism, 64. 39. Peters, Courting the Abyss, 275. 40. Boydston, Poems of John Dewey. This particular poem was the first half of number 75 and appeared on pages 54–55 in Boydston’s book. 41. Dewey, Quest for Certainty, 111. 42. Poulakos, Sophistical Rhetoric, 53, 65, 64. 43. Dewey, Public and Its Problems, 208. 44. Ibid. 45. Dewey and Tufts, Ethics 7:362. 46. Ibid., 362–63. 47. Farrell, Norms of Rhetorical Culture, 282, 194, 1, 199, 83, 229. 48. Charland, “Norms and Laughter,” 339. Chapter 1: Rhetoric and the Ethics of Democracy 1. Weaver, Ethics of Rhetoric, 232. 2. Wichelns, “Literary Criticism of Oratory,” 22. 3. Dewey and Tufts, Ethics 7:175, 166–67. 4. Ibid., 175. 5. Nor it is sufficient to argue that democratic ethics celebrate individuality whereas communistic ethics celebrate universality. For democracy “is not mere assertion of the individual will as individual; it is not disregard of law, of the universal; it is complete realization of the law, namely the unified spirit of the community.” Dewey, “Ethics of Democracy,” 242–43. 6. Ibid., 243. 7. Dewey, Human Nature and Conduct, 280. 8. Dewey, “Ethics of Democracy,” 244. 9. Dewey and Tufts, Ethics 7:285. 10. Ibid., 306, 231. 11. Foucault, Essential Foucault, 23. 12. Poulakos, “Kairos in Gorgias’ Rhetorical Compositions,” 89. 13. Miller, “Foreword,” xiii. 14. White, Kaironomia, 14. 15. Poulakos, Sophistical Rhetoric, 61. 16. Fragment DK 85B1 quoted in Waterfield, First Philosophers. 17. Wichelns, “Literary Criticism of Oratory,” 21. 18. Wander, “Ideological Turn in Modern Criticism,” 111. notes to pages 23–31 197 19. Dewey, Logic, 88. 20. Plato, Theaetetus, 167a–168b. 21. Dewey, “Postulate of Immediate Empiricism,” 163. 22. Ibid., 167b. 23. Hauser, “Rhetorical Democracy and Civic Engagement,” 1. 24. Plato, Statesman, 404a. 25. James Madison, Federalist Number 10, Constitution Society, http://www .constitution.org/fed/federa10.htm/. 26. Ellul, Propaganda, 8–9. 27. Hamilton, Greek Way, 154. 28. Dewey, “From Absolutism to Experimentalism,” 155. 29. Plato, Theaetetus, 167c. 30. Ibid. 31. Poulakos, “Toward a Sophistic Definition,” 43–44. 32. Dewey, Quest for Certainty, 195. 33. Bitzer had written his master’s thesis on Dewey and had acknowledged the influence of Dewey’s ideas in a personal conversation with the author. 34. Quoted in Bitzer, “Functional Communication,” 26. 35. Bitzer, “Rhetorical Situation,” 13–14. 36. Vatz, “Myth of the Rhetorical Situation,” 155. 37. Commentaries of Bitzer’s essay are twelve and counting. See Benoit, “Genesis of Rhetorical Action,” 342–55; Biesecker, “Rethinking the Rhetorical Situation,” 110–30; Brinton,“Situation in the Theory of Rhetoric,” 234–48; Consigny,“Rhetoric and Its Situations ,” 175...