Learning the Valley: Excursions into the Shenandoah Valley

Contents

Contents List of Illustrations vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Sugar Creek 1 Rock Crystals 4 The Shenandoah Sea 7 Caves 12 Rock Castles 16 The Natural Bridge 21 Stone Walls 25 Geological Segregation 30 Massanutten 35 Forest Communities 42 Cedars 47 Maple Syrup 51 Poison Ivy 57 Sassafras 62 Briar Patch 66 Hedges 69 Vegetable Armature 74 Mosquitoes 80 Spring Ephemerals 85 Flying Frass 89 vi CONTENTS My Civil War 92 Migration 96 Running the River 100 Hay Bales 106 Sexual Swarms 111 Notes 117 Index 129 ...