Discovering South Carolina's Rock Art

List of Illustrations

Illustrations Figures 1. South Carolina counties in which rock art was recorded 7 2. `e 0rst petroglyph site recorded for South Carolina (38GR9) 8 3. `e Pardo stone 8 4. South Carolina physiographic zones 10 5. Locations of South Carolina rock-art sites 11 6. Inspecting rock domes for petroglyphs 12 7. Approximate elevations at which most South Carolina rock art occurs 13 8. Areas where high- and low-elevation sites were recorded 14 9. A ypical circle-petroglyph site (38PN122) on a high rock dome 16 10. Natural circles created by water erosion 16 11. A petroglyph revealed by arti0cial lighting at night 20 12. Mapping excavated site 38PN129 21 13. `e completed map of site 38PN129 22 14. Human 0gures at site 38LU422 27 15. Human 0gures at site 38PN129 28 16. Male 0gures in enclosures at site 38PN129 29 17. “Rerigerator” man (or woman) at site 38PN129 29 18. `e human 0gure at site 38SP13 30 19. `e single anthropomorph-like petroglyph at site 38LX273 31 20. Two anthropomorph-like petroglyphs at site 38OC378 33 21. `ree anthropomorphic 0gures at site 38PN81 34 22. `e fourth anthropomorph-like 0gure at site 38PN81 34 23. A possible zoomorphic motif at site 38LU422 35 24. A zoomorphic motif or part of an abstract design at site 38LU422 36 25. Turtle at site 38OC184 36 26. `e “King Beetle” zoomorph at site 38RD668 37 27. Serpentlike petroglyphs at site 38PN81 38 Unless otherwise stated in the caption, all photographs are by the author. x Contents 28. Turtle or a random combination of lines and circles at site 38PN138 39 29. Bold circles at site 38PN122 40 30. Circle with ouward-radiating lines at site 38PN127 40 31. Abstract petroglyphs at site 38PN121 41 32. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN121 42 33. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN81 43 34. `e “keyhole” at site 38PN81 43 35. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN81 44 36. `e “lag” at site 38PN81 44 37. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN81 45 38. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN81 45 39. `e “horseshoes” at site 38PN81 46 40. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN81 46 41. `e “wa6e” at site 38PN129 47 42. Abstract petroglyph at site 38PN129 48 43. Abstract motifs with an anthropomorph and possible zoomorphs at site 38LU422 48 44. Cupules in an abstract petroglyph at site 38OC378 49 45. Abstract petroglyph at site 38OC378 49 46. Buried cupule and lines discovered at site 38OC378 50 47. Abstract petroglyphs and cupules at site 38OC378 50 48. Buried abstract petroglyph discovered at site 38OC378 51 49. Buried abstract petroglyphs discovered at site 38OC378 51 50. Abstract petroglyphs and small, drilled holes at site 38GR303 52 51. Petroglyphs incorporated into a wall at site 38GR320 53 52. Cupules at site 38FA305 54 53. Portable petroglyph number one 56 54. Portable petroglyph number wo 57 55. Portable petroglyph number three 57 56. Portable petroglyph number four 58 57. Portable petroglyph number 0ve 59 58. Portable petroglyph number six 59 59. Portable petroglyph number seven 60 60. Portable petroglyph number eight 61 61. `e wo major variations of circle-and-line syles 64 62. Syles of circle-and-line petroglyphs 65 63. A circle-and-line petroglyph on permanent rock 71 64. Map of ridges on which permanent circle-and-line petroglyphs are most oten found 72 65. A portable circle-and-line petroglyph 73 Contents xi 66. A portable circle-and-line petroglyph at site 38LU490 74 67. A portable circle-and-line petroglyph used as a gravestone at site 38GR290 74 68. Placing pine splinters in an iron pot in preparation for extracting sap 76 69. `e pot turned upside down with clay sealing the gap beween it and the rock 76 70. Lique0ed pinesap lowing along the drip groove into a container 77 71. Leaching lye rom hardwood ashes 78 72. A circle-and-line petroglyph on a vertical rock face at site 38SP13 79 73. A circle-and-line petroglyph on a near-vertical rock face at site 38GR307 80 74. Pairs of circle-and-line petroglyphs at sites 38LU488 and 38LU489 81 75. Two circle-and-line petroglyphs at site 38AN227 81 76. A Hockensmith’s syle 4 circle-and-line petroglyph at site 38GR205 82 77. A circle-and-line petroglyph at site 38SP336 83 78. `e “Old Indian” or Spanish direction rock at site 38GR9 84 79. An eccentric circle-and...