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Abbeville County, 97 abstract petroglyphs: circles, 38–39; Fairfield County site 38FA305, 52–54, 54 fig. 52; Greenville County site 38GR303, 50–51, 52 fig. 50; Greenville County site 38GR320, 52, 53 fig. 51; Laurens County site 38LU422, 47, 48 fig. 43; meaning of, 54; Oconee County site 38OC378, 49–50, 49–51 figs. 44–49; Pickens County site 38PN81, 42, 43–46 figs. 33–40; Pickens County site 38PN121, 41, 41–42 figs. 31–32; Pickens County site 38PN122, 39, 40 fig. 29; Pickens County site 38PN127, 40 fig. 30, 41; Pickens County site 38PN129, 42–47, 47–48 figs. 41–42 Alabama’s Aboriginal Rock Art (Henson and Martz), 7 Allen, Mary, 94 American Revolution, 110 Anderson County: circle-and-line petroglyphs in, 96, 97; portable petroglyphs in, 56, 57 fig. 55; site 38AN227, 80–82, 81 fig. 75 anthropomorphic petroglyphs, 15; in historic rock art, 100–101, 101 fig. 89; Laurens County site 38LU422, 26, 27, 27 fig. 14, 48 fig. 43; Lexington County site 38LX273, 26, 31–32, 31 fig. 19; Oconee County site 38OC378, 26, 32, 33 fig. 20; Pickens County site 38PN81, 26, 33, 34 figs. 21–22; Pickens County site 38PN129, 26, 27–30, 28–29 figs. 15–17; site discoveries, 26; Spartanburg County site 38SP13, 26, 30–31, 30 fig. 18 Arizona, 94, 95 fig. 86 Baker, John William, 91–92 Barker, Lezlie, 29 fig. 16, 34 fig. 21, 41 fig. 31; plate 3 (bottom) Baumhoff, Martin A., 6, 95 “Big People” petroglyphs, 106–7, 106 fig. 96 “bird track” petroglyphs, 32 birdman motif, 61, 61 fig. 60 Blessing, Paul, plate 2c Blue Ridge Mountains: circle motifs in, 71; geology of, 9; historic rock art in, 99; pictographs found in, plate 12; prehistoric rock art in, 115; rock art study in, xiii, 9, plate 3; rock shelters in, 17. See also highland petroglyph sites Bramlett, Michael, 12 fig. 6, 28, 110, plates 4a, 5a, 8b Bright, Pascal A., 63 Bronze Age (3500–2000 B.C.E.), 90 Butler, Carroll B., 90 California, 94, 95, 96 fig. 87 campfires, 86, 86 fig. 80 cannon motif in historic rock art, 107–8, 107 fig. 97 carbon dating, 2 Carlton, Craig, 73 Carroll, Andrew, 112–13 Catlin, Jeff, 20 fig. 11, 38, 39 fig. 28, 44 fig. 36 Charles, Tommy, plates 3, 14b Charleston County, 61–62, 61 fig. 60 Chastain, Dennis, plates 2c, 3 Chattooga River, 103, 105 fig. 94 Cherokee Indians, 37, 103–6, 110–11 Chester County, 97 Chinese, 1 circle-and-line petroglyphs: abandonment of, 88–89; attributes of, 66–67; cupules in, 88; distribution of, 67, plate 9; formation methods, 66; historic, 92–96, 94–95 figs. 85–86; historical documentation of, 73–75; motif style variations, 64–66, Index 126 Index circle-and-line petroglyphs (continued) 64–65 figs. 61–62, 82 fig. 76, 97, 97 fig. 88; permanent, 64, 68–69 table 2, 71, 71–72 figs. 63–64, 88, 96–97; portable, 64, 66–67, 70 table 3, 71–73, 74 figs. 66–67, 88–89, 97; prehistoric similarities to, 93–96, 94–95 figs. 85–86; site status given to, 72, 96, 97; South Carolina locations, 96–97, plate 10a circle-and-line petroglyphs, utilitarian function of, 63; anomalies in, 78–85; drip grooves and, 86–87; European settlers and, 90–92, 97–98; heat damage and, 85–86, 86 fig. 80; for lye leaching, 73–75; Native Americans and, 89, 92–93, 93 fig. 84, 98; Old World connections, 89–91, 91 fig. 82; original purpose of, 95–96; for pine-tar extraction, 73–75, 76 figs. 68–69, 77 fig. 70; surface abrasion and, 87–88, 88 fig. 81; theory tested, 77–88, 98 Colombia, circle-and-line petroglyphs found in, 97 fig. 88 Columbia, South Carolina, 37–38 Connecticut, circle-and-line petroglyphs in, 67 Coy, Fred E., Jr., 6, 73 Crediford, Eugene, 46 fig. 40 cup-and-ring petroglyphs, European, 90–91, 91 fig. 82 cupules: in abstract petroglyphs, 49 fig. 44, 50, 50 figs. 46–47, 52–54, 54 fig. 52; in anthropomorphic petroglyphs, 30, 32; in circleand -line petroglyphs, 88; cup-and-ring petroglyphs compared to, 90; function, 15; at lowland sites, 15; site discoveries, 19 dates in historic rock art, 107–10, 109 figs. 99–100, plate 11 defacement, 101, 108, 108 fig. 98 desert varnish, 2 Diaz-Granados, Carol, 1, 7, 78, 95 drip grooves, 86–87 Duncan, Barbara R., 96 Duncan, James R., 1, 7...

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