Dawn of Desegregation: J. A. De Laine and Briggs v. Elliott

Index

Adams, E. A., 14, 18, 26; friendship with JAD, 117, 126–28, 154 African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME Church), 13, 14, 17, 41, 92, 190; conferences, 41, 58, 173–79; motto, 14; organization and policy, 15, 41, 92, 126, 174, 190; pastors, 18, 111, 137. See also De Laine, J. A., and AME Church; and individual churches agriculture classes, 21, 24, 115 Allen, Richard, 92 Allen University, 14, 15, 66, 126; Board of Control, 35, 126, 128; summer school, 24–25, 61, 66 AME Church. See African Methodist Episcopal Church Anderson, Maceo, 40, 42–43 Antioch / Zion Hill circuit, 127 Armistice Day, 82–84, 138 arson: of the De Laines’ Summerton home, 154; of the Lake City church, 175–76 attendance (school), 7, 8, 121 Baker, Frazier (Lake City postmaster), 127 Baker, W. E. (Clarendon school board member), 142 Banks, Lester, 47 Belton, Mattie. See De Laine, Mattie Benedict College / Allen University Summer School, 24 Bennett, James. See under Briggs plaintiffs Bennett, Onetha. See under Briggs plaintiffs Benson (lawsuit). See Benson v. De Laine Benson, S. Isaiah, 41; financial accounting, 49–51, 67, 73; grievance rehearing, 72–73, 74; neglected duties, 42–43, 78; resignation, 75–76, 81, 100; Scott’s Branch principal, 42, 57, 68; slander lawsuit , 116, 133, 154; student grievances, 48–54, 57, 64–65, 69 Benson v. De Laine, 111, 116–17, 124, 168; verdict, 133–34, 154–55 Betchman, H. B., 64, 137, 141–42; conference with JAD, 74–78; De Laine house, 79, 81; lawsuit defendant, 133, 141; school positions, 40, 51, 119; student grievances, 40, 51, 60, 65, 73–74; teachers rehired, 81; Seals, 92–93, 104, 112; “Warning Benson” papers, 125 Bethune, Thelmar, 48 Bible passages: Hosea 10:12, 100; Judges 5:31, 176; Luke 8:5–15, 100; Luke 16:23, 97; Luke 8:8, 102; Psalm 41, 179 black high schools (in Clarendon County), 10, 12, 23, 27, 35, 46 black people, 3, 70–71, 79; economic status of, 4; educational status of, 5, 7, 13, 89; response to equalization effort, 76, 131, 138; told to resign from NAACP, 112 boats. See drowning Bob Johnson Elementary School, 15, 27, 160 Bolling et al. v. Sharpe et al. (District of Columbia), 158, 159 Boulware, Harold: desegregation, 145, 194; equalization effort, 41, 46, 87, 117, 132; grievance rehearing, 71–73; Pearson lawsuit , 27–28, 33, 35–37, 44; voter registration , 34, 36 Boyd, J. S., 34, 36, 48, 148 Briggs. See Briggs et al. v. Board et al.; Briggs et al. v. Elliott et al. Index Note: JAD refers to J. A. De Laine Index 206 Briggs, Eliza (née Gamble), 86–87, 100, 108, 115, 140, 155 Briggs, Harry, 108, 112, 115, 117; and equalization petition, 86–87, 106, 132; house, 79, 134, 138. See also under Briggs plaintiffs Briggs et al. v. Board et al. (Civil Action No. 2505; equalization lawsuit), 48, 126, 131–33, 134, 194; informational meetings , 46, 48; pretrial hearing, 135–36; suit withdrawn, 136 Briggs et al. v. Elliott et al. (Civil Action No. 2657; desegregation lawsuit), 6, 138–42, 144; appeal of, 155, 154; constitutional challenge, 153, 162; decision (lower court), 148; decision (Supreme Court), 138, 147, 148; defendants, 141; defendants ’ 1951 report, 155; district court proceedings, 144–45; district court rehearing, 155–56; as first federal petition to abolish public school segregation, 3, 143; genesis of, 3, 24, 147, 159, 194; hearing, 143; plaintiffs, 139–41, 140; ripple effect of, 194, 195; second arrival at Supreme Court, 157; support for Briggs, 193; third Briggs lawsuit (1960), 194 Briggs plaintiffs: James Bennett, 139, 140, 192; Onetha Bennett, 140, 194; Harry Briggs, 108, 140–41, 148, 192, 194; Robert Georgia, 54–55, 61, 67, 110, 124, 140–41, 192; Annie Gibson, 108–9, 140–41, 191, 194; Gilbert H. Henry, 83, 138, 140, 193, 159, 192; Susan Lawson, 140, 192; Frederick Oliver, 139, 140, 192; Mary Oliver, 139–40, 192–93; Mose Oliver, 79, 140, 193; Bennie Parson, 111, 139–40, 192; Edward Ragin, 140, 192; Hazel Ragin, 108, 140–41, 192; William Ragin, 62, 109–10, 140–41, 192; Lee Richardson, 93, 98, 139–40, 191, 193; Lucrisher Richardson, 66, 139–40, 191–92; Rebecca Richburg, 140–41, 192; Henry Scott, 54, 56, 140–41, 192; Willie Stukes, 107, 115, 140–41, 143, 194; Gabriel Tindal, 63, 80, 109, 140–41, 192 Briggs supporters, 137, 191, 192–93 Briggs v. Board. See Briggs et al. v. Board et al. Briggs v. Elliott. See Briggs et...