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Appendix 2 Minor-Party and Independent Candidates Receiving More Than 1 Percent of Popular Vote for President Election Candidate and Party Popular Votes Electoral Votes and Percent and Percent 1832 William Wirt, Anti-Masonic 100,715 7.78% 7 2.43% 1844 James G. Birney, Liberty 62,103 2.30% 0 1848 Martin Van Buren, Free Soil 291,501 10.12% 0 1852 John P. Hale, Free Soil 155,210 4.91% 0 1856a Millard Fillmore, Know 873,053 21.53% 8 2.70% Nothing with Whig endorsement 1860 John C. Breckinridge, 848,019 18.09% 72 23.76% Southern Democratic 1860 John Bell, Constitutional 590,901 12.61% 39 12.87% Union 1872b 1880 James B. Weaver, Greenback 305,997 3.32% 0 1884 Benjamin F. Butler, 175,096 1.74% 0 Greenback/Anti-Monopoly 1884 John P. St. John, Prohibition 147,482 1.47% 0 1888 Clinton B. Fisk, Prohibition 249,813 2.19% 0 1888 Alson J. Streeter, Union Labor 146,602 1.29% 0 1892 James B. Weaver, Populist 1,026,595 8.51% 22 4.95% 1892 John Bidwell, Prohibition 270,889 2.24% 0 1896c 1900 John C. Wooley, Prohibition 210,867 1.51% 0 1904 Eugene V. Debs, Socialist 402,810 2.98% 0 1904 Silas C. Swallow, Prohibition 259,103 1.92% 0 1908 Eugene V. Debs, Socialist 420,852 2.83% 0 1908 Eugene W. Chafin, Prohibition 254,087 1.71% 0 1912 Theodore Roosevelt, 4,122,721 27.40% 88 16.57% Progressive (Bull Moose) 1912 Eugene V. Debs, Socialist 901,551 5.99% 0 234 Appendix 2 Appendix 2 continued Election Candidate and Party Popular Votes Electoral Votes and Percent and Percent 1912 Eugene W. Chafin, Prohibition 208,156 1.38% 0 1916 Allan L. Benson, Socialist 590,524 3.19% 0 1916 J. Frank Hanley, Prohibition 221,302 1.19% 0 1920 Eugene V. Debs, Socialist 913,693 3.41% 0 1924 Robert M. La Follette, 4,831,706 16.61% 13 2.45% Progressive (and Socialist, Farmer-Labor) 1932 Norman M. Thomas, Socialist 884,885 2.23% 0 1936 William Lemke, Union 892,378 1.95% 0 1948 J. Strom Thurmond, Dixiecrat 1,175,930 2.41% 39 7.34% 1948 Henry A. Wallace, Progressive 1,157,328 2.37% 0 and NY American Labor 1968 George C. Wallace, 9,901,118 13.53% 46 8.55% American Independent 1972 John G. Schmitz, American 1,100,868 1.42% 0 1980 John B. Anderson, 5,719,850 6.61% 0 National Unity (Independent) 1980 Edward E. Clark, Libertarian 921,128 1.06% 0 1992 H. Ross Perot, Independent 19,743,821 18.91% 0 1996 H. Ross Perot, Reform 8,085,402 8.40% 0 2000 Ralph Nader, Green 2,883,105 2.73% 0 Notes a. Fillmore of the Know Nothing or American Party finished in third place. Republican John C. Fremont was second, behind James Buchanan, the victorious Democrat. Fremont won 1,342,345 popular votes (33.11 percent) and 114 electoral votes (38.51 percent). The two-year-old Republican Party was not yet firmly installed as a major party, but clearly it was establishing itself as such by 1856. b. In a fusion campaign, the Democrats in 1872 nominated Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley and adopted the LRP platform verbatim. Greeley won 2,834,761 votes (43.83 percent). Greeley died before the meeting of the Electoral College, but electors to whose votes he would have been entitled cast 66 votes. Congress declined to count three of these because they were cast for the deceased nominee. c. Populists nominated Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan, who had two vice-presidential running mates, one Democratic, the other Populist. Bryan won 6,511,495 popular votes (46.73 percent) and 176 electoral votes (39.37 percent). Thomas Watson, Bryan’s Populist running mate, received twenty-seven electoral votes, even though some Populist electors voted instead for the Democratic vice-presidential nominee. Sources: Presidential Elections since 1789 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1975); History of U.S. Political Parties, ed. Arthur Schlesinger Jr. (New York: Chelsea House, 1975); various election reports from the Federal Election Commission; and Dave Leip, Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, available online at http://uselectionatlas.org (accessed September 5, 2011). ...

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