notes Introduction 1. Terry Muck, “Psalm, Bhajan, and Kı̄rtan,” 14. 2. Rudolf Otto, The Idea of the Holy, 49. 3. Gerardus Van der Leeuw, Religion in Essence and Manifestation, 2: 453. 4. Gerardus Van der Leeuw, Sacred and Profane Beauty: The Holy in Art, 225, 227. 5. S. G. F. Brandon, A Dictionary of Comparative Religion, 457. 6. Catherine Bell, “Performance,” 205. 7. Johannes Quasten, Music & Worship in Pagan & Christian Antiquity, 1. 8. Ibid., 16. 9. Ibid., 18. 10. Karen Ralls-MacLeod, Music and the Celtic Otherworld, 1. 11. Ibid., 5. 12. Ibid., 15. 13. Bruno Nettl, Excursions in World Music, 9. 14. Robin Sylvan, Traces of the Spirit, 6. 15. Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger, 78. 16. Victor Turner, Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture, 244. 17. Nathan D. Mitchell, Liturgy and the Social Sciences, 15. 18. Ronald L. Grimes, “Performance,” 379. 19. Ibid. 20. Roy A. Rappaport, Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity, 31. 21. Nathan D. Mitchell, Liturgy and the Social Sciences, 33. 22. Roy A. Rappaport, “The Obvious Aspects of Ritual,” 174. 23. Jan Snoek, “Defining Rituals,” 13. 24. Alex Michaels, “Sanskrit,” 86. 25. Ibid., 87. 26. Ibid., 89–90. 27. Ibid., 90. 28. Joseph Gelineau, “Music and Singing in the Liturgy,” 441. 29. Joseph Gelineau, “The Path of Music,” 137. 30. Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, 82, 84. 31. Aidan Kavanagh, Elements of Rite, 103–14. 32. Ibid., 104. 208 • notes to pages 15–36 33. Louis Bouyer, Rite and Man, 31. 34. Ibid., 57. 35. Ibid., 66. 36. J. D. Crichton, “A Theology of Worship,” 5. 37. Richard Viladesau, Theology and the Arts, 41. 38. Ibid., 47. 39. Aidan Kavanagh, “The Role of Ritual in Personal Development,” 148–49. 40. Louis Bouyer Rite and Man, 53. 41. Edward Foley, Ritual Music, 107. 42. Ibid., 115. 43. Ibid., 116. 44. Ibid., 109–10. 45. Ibid., 112. 46. Ibid. 47. Edward Foley, “Music, Liturgical,” 869. 48. Ibid., 868–69 49. Edward Foley, Ritual Music, 116. 50. Ibid., 120 51. Edward Foley, “Music, Liturgical,” 868. 52. Ibid. 53. Ibid., 869 54. Ibid. 55. Edward Foley, Ritual Music, 113–15. 56. Ibid., 108. 57. Mary E. McGann, Exploring Music as Worship and Theology, 20. 58. Ibid., 35. 59. Stephen A. Marini, Sacred Song in America, 7. 60. Mary E. McGann, Exploring Music as Worship and Theology, 11. 61. Ibid. 62. Ibid. 63. Terry Muck, “Psalm, Bhajan, and Kı̄rtan,” 15. 64. Ibid., 16. 65. Ibid., 19. 66. Ibid., quoting Guy L. Beck, Sonic Theology. 67. Hilary Rodrigues, Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess, 149. 68. Vasudha Narayanan, “Diglossic Hinduism: Liberation and Lentils,” 776. 69. Susan L. Schwartz, Rasa, 3. 70. Selina Thielemann, The Music of South Asia, 339. Chapter One—Ancient India: Yajna and Sama-Gana 1. Rajesh Kochhar, The Vedic People, 37. 2. Ibid., 35. 3. Michael Witzel, “Indocentrism: Autochthonous Visions of Ancient India,” 353. [3.235.199.19] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 08:50 GMT) notes to pages 37–50 • 209 4. Rajesh Kochhar, The Vedic People, 99. 5. C. Kunhan Raja, The Vedas, 29. 6. Ibid., 16. 7. Frits Staal, Ritual and Mantras, 65. 8. C. Kunhan Raja, The Vedas, 15. 9. Ibid., 21. 10. Brian K. Smith, Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, 13. 11. Ibid., 28. 12. Frits Staal, Ritual and Mantras, 65. 13. C. Kunhan Raja, The Vedas, 11. 14. Ibid., 41. 15. Frits Staal, Ritual and Mantras, 69. 16. Ibid., 67. 17. Ibid. 18. Musashi Tachikawa, Shrikant Bahulkar, and Madhavi Kolhatkar, Indian Fire Rituals, 2. 19. Frits Staal, Ritual and Mantras, 67–68. 20. Ibid., 67. 21. Ibid., 69. 22. Ibid., 137. 23. Alex Michaels, “Sanskrit,” 252. 24. Ibid., 255. 25. Ibid., 258–59. 26. Ibid., 260. 27. Ibid., 261. 28. C. Kunhan Raja, The Vedas, 53–54. 29. Ibid., 69. In Rig-Veda 10.135.7, the abode of Yama is described as full of song and flute playing 30. Wayne Howard, “Vedic Chant,” 242. 31. Solveig McIntosh, Hidden Faces of Ancient Indian Song, 44. 32. G. U. Thite, Music in the Vedas, 8. 33. G. H. Tarlekar, Sāman Chants, 6–7. 34. Ibid., 19–20. 35. Chitrabhanu Sen, A Dictionary of Vedic Rituals, 123. 36. A. H. Fox-Strangeways, The Music of Hindustan, 246. 37. Thakur Jaidev Singh, Indian Music, 1–2. 38. Shahab Sarmadee, Nūr-Ratnākara, 4. 39. Solveig McIntosh, Hidden Faces of Ancient Indian Song, 45. 40. Kātyāyana Srauta-Sūtra: Rules for the...