Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party

Title Page, Copyright Page

Up Against the Wall Up Against the Wall Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party BY CURTIS J. AUSTIN University of Arkansas Press Fayetteville 2006 Copyright © 2006 by The University of Arkansas Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 Designed by Liz Lester • The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Austin, Curtis J., 1969– Up against the wall : violence in the making and unmaking of the Black Panther Party / by Curtis J. Austin.—1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-55728-827-1 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55728-827-5 (alk. paper) 1. Black Panther Party—History. 2. Black Panther Party—Biography. 3. Political violence—United States—History—20th century. 4. Black power— United States—History—20th century. 5. African Americans—Politics and government—20th century. 6. United States—Race relations—History—20th century. I. Title. E185.615.A88 2006 322.4'20973—dc22 2006026040 To my sisters and brothers ...