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A Aaron v. Cooper (1956), 255, 283, 296 Act 15 (1868), 82 Adams, Haskell, 382 Advocate, 115–16 African American churches, 62, 102–3, 129, 161–62, 194, 325, 329, 421, 424 African American Episcopal Church, 103, 194 African American schools, 61–62, 69, 97, 230, 250, 288–95, 342, 344, 360, 377, 424, 451, 505n34. See also black colleges ; Dunbar High School; Robert R. Moton High School; Scipio A. Jones High School; Shorter College; Union High School African American soldiers, 16, 36, 48, 50–55, 146–49, 235–36, 241, 302, 484n17 African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 136, 147, 150, 194, 311, 329 Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 212–13, 215 Agricultural Wheel, The. See National Agricultural Wheel agriculture, 40–41, 100–102, 126, 172, 174, 207, 211–13, 215, 217, 224, 289, 427. See also cotton; farm life American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 217 American Colonization Society, 102 American Missionary Association, 60 Anderson, Harold, 303–4 Andrews, Charlotte, 61–62 Andrews, William Wallace, 62 Angelou, Maya, 231 Argenta, Ark., 99, 128. See also North Little Rock, Ark. Arkadelphia, Ark., 385 Arkansas AM&N, 247, 321–23, 386, 493n11, 495n2 Arkansas Annual Conference (Methodist), 39 Arkansas Baptist College, 97, 150 Arkansas Boys Industrial School (white), 290 Arkansas Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), 395–97, 453 Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR), 248, 307, 311, 316, 335 Arkansas County, Ark., 137–38, 366. See also Arkansas Post, Ark.; Dewitt, Ark.; St. Charles, Ark. Arkansas Delta, xvii, xx, 31, 36–37, 40–41, 47, 49, 81, 85, 91–94, 101, 110, 145, 149–51, 157–60, 162, 189, 190, 197–200, 202, 207, 209–12, 215–18, 222, 231, 250, 327–33, 340–41, 352–53, 368–71, 373–85, 413–17, 426–30, 432, 437–39, 446, 448, 454, 457, 471n8. See also Arkansas County; Chicot County; Crittenden County; 515 I N D E X 3STOCKLEY_pages_251-536.qxd 10/7/08 12:38 AM Page 515 Desha County; Greene County; Lee County; Mississippi County; Monroe County; Phillips County; Poinsett County; St. Francis County Arkansas Democrat, 264, 291, 311 Arkansas Democratic Negro Association (ANDA), 202–4 Arkansas Education Association, 387 Arkansas Faith, 254 Arkansas Gazette, 93, 104, 137–38, 259–60, 273–77, 291, 336, 361–62, 372, 376, 393, 403 Arkansas National Guard, 258–61, 279, 281–82, 284, 358, 382, 488n17 Arkansas Post, Ark., 46 Arkansas secession convention, 41–43. See also secession Arkansas legislature, xvii, 27, 34, 37, 60, 71, 77, 82, 92, 113–14, 120–21, 124–25, 135, 137, 268, 292, 295, 322, 402, 407, 431, 433, 469n20, 495n2 Arkansas State Press, 231, 233–39, 243, 247, 270, 278, 286, 293–94, 296, 301 Arkansas Supreme Court, 25, 27–29, 139, 183, 188, 190, 203, 204, 218, 239, 269, 468n57 Arkansas Teachers Association, 387 Ashmore, Harry, 259–60, 274–77, 285, 488n17 B Back-to-Africa movement, 102–3, 114, 198. See also American Colonization Society; emigration ; Garveyism; Garvey, Marcus; Liberian Exodus Arkansas Colony Bass, Henry, 281 Bates, Daisy, 231, 233–34, 237, 243, 247–49, 255–56, 260–61, 263–65, 268, 269–70, 276–81, 286, 285–87, 293–94, 299, 301–3, 305–7, 408, 493n9 Bates, L. C., 231, 233–34, 237–38, 239–40, 243, 246–47, 249, 256, 261, 264, 269–70, 278, 281, 283, 285, 293–94, 301, 303, 305, 307–8, 340, 342, 409, 493n9, 495–96n20 Battle of Helena, 52 Battle of Honey Springs, 50–51 Battle of Jenkins’ Ferry, 54 Battle of Pea Ridge, 45 Battle of Poison Spring, 51–54 Battle of Prairie Grove, 45–46 Baxter, Elisha, 82, 84 Bentonville, Ark., 252 Bethel University. See Shorter College Black Americans for Democracy (BAD), 389 black businesses, 94–96, 136, 196–97, 227, 396. See also Ninth Street black colleges, 97, 136, 247–48, 269, 301, 321–23, 386, 493n11. See also Arkansas AM&N; Arkansas Baptist College; Philander Smith College; Shorter College black elites, 94–97, 185, 204, 227, 232, 423 black fraternal organizations, 95, 139–40, 169. See also Mosaic Templars of America black landowners, 106–7. See also Bond, Scott black middle class, 121, 134, 136, 138, 141–42, 145, 150–51, 181–82, 185–86, 195, 202, 232 black migration, xv, 128, 131–32, 138, 145, 150, 157, 391, 415, 432, 476n56 black militias, 80–81, 90, 111 black newspapers, 160, 185, 231, 516 INDEX 3STOCKLEY_pages_251-536.qxd 10/7/08 12:38 AM Page 516 [3.133.108.241] Project MUSE (2024-04-24...

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