Jim Crow America: A Documentary History

About the Authors

North Carolina: black suffrage, 60; civil rights movement, 208; segregated water fountain, 116, 117; Southern Manifesto, 208 North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, 239 Northern immigrants, xvi North of Slavery (Litwack), xii “No Segregation” slogan, 105–6 O Obama, Barack, xxix Odum, Howard, xvii “O Freedom” (song lyrics), 206–7 101st Airborne Division, xxvi, 239 O’Neil, Gertrude, 148 Opelousas, Louisiana, xiv, 195 Opportunity, xxiii Oregon, xiii “Out in the Cold” (political cartoon, 1884), 43, 44 Owens, Jesse, xxiii, 238 P Paganini, Niccolò, 1 Paige, Leroy (Satchell), 109 Pakenham, Edward, 1 Palestine, Texas, 144 Parker, Dorothy, 99 Parker, John M., 155, 159 Parks, Gordon, 167 Parks, Rosa, xxvi, 239 passing, xxii, 173–78 Patterson, Heywood, 168 Patterson, William L., 169 Peterson, Thomas Mundy, 26 Petition (1859), 15 Pette, Joseph A., 195–96 Pettus, Peter, 229 Philadelphia, Mississippi, 240 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, xxviii, 108–10 Philadelphia Record, 108 Phillips, Chief, 88 Phillips, S. F., 40 physical beauty, 68–70 Pinchback, P. B. S., 236 Pittsburgh Courier, 108 Pittsburgh Crawfords, 108, 109 Pittsburgh Pirates, 110 Plessy, Homer Adolph, 34–36, 37–38, 41 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): decision excerpt, 37–41; historical background , xvii; and John Marshall Harlan, 32; Louisiana legislative act, 34–36; separate but equal doctrine, 198–202, 209, 237 Poe, Clarence H., 54–60 poetry, 160, 163, 238; see also Hughes, Langston Poff, Richard, 208 political cartoons: “Jim Crow” (1870), 26, 28; “The Negro, The Ape” (1957), 210, 211; “This is a White Man’s Government” (1868), 24, 25; voting rights, 43, 44; white supremacy, 74, 75 A Politician’s Defense of Segregation (Clark), xvii Politics, 206 poll taxes: Alabama, 82–83, 194, 196; Fifteenth Amendment, xvi, 26, 236; and Harry S. Truman, xxiv; March on Washington (1963), 172–73; Twenty-fourth Amendment, 240; Virginia, 233; Voting Rights Act (1965), 233 “Polly, Wolly, Doodle” (song), xi Populists, xix post-Civil War era, xiii; see also Reconstruction era Powell, Adam Clayton, 178–79 prejudice, racial: and A. Phillip Randolph, 170–73; and August Yokinen, 165–67; baseball teams, 108–10; Birth of a Nation (Griffith), 147–48; Caribbean region, 125–33; Negro women, 118–25; scientific racism, 60–71; see also discrimination ; segregation Progressive Farmer, 54 Project HEAD START, 181–82 property ownership, xiv 266 Index 2LEWIS_pages_163-278.qxd 2/11/09 10:21 AM Page 266 pro-Union Southerners, xvi “The Psychology of Race-Prejudice” (Thomas, 1904), 60–71 Puck, 43 Puerto Rico, 125–33 Pulitzer Prize award, 238 punishments, 87 R Rabinowitz, Howard N., xii race relations: Caribbean region, 125–33; historical background, xi–xxix; military veterans, 187–93; news advertisements, 91–93; and William Jennings Bryan, 151–56 “Race Relations in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands” (Williams, 1945), 125–33 race riots: Committee of Colored Ministers, 146; Indiana, 237; Mississippi, xxviii; 1919 riots, xxii, 238 racial cultures, 160–64 racial etiquette, xviii, xxvi racially motivated violence: Cotton Pickers Strike, 114–16; during Johnson administration, xxix; postCivil War era, xv; prevalence, xx; race riots, xxii, xxviii, 146, 237, 238; Selma to Montgomery Civil Rights March (1965), 229, 231, 240; Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing, xxviii, 240; Texas, 143–46 racial superiority, xxi, 5–15, 71–74, 118–25 racism: and A. Phillip Randolph, 170–73; and August Yokinen, 165–67; baseball teams, 108–10; Birth of a Nation (Griffith), 147–48; brain analysis, 71–74; Caribbean region, 125–33; Negro women, 118–25; scientific racism, 60–71; see also discrimination ; segregation racist broadside, 20 Radical Republicans, xv–xvii, 20, 34 railroads: Civil Rights Cases (1883), 33; government legislation, 34–36; and Ida B. Wells, xxii; segregation policies , xii, xx, 45, 84–85; separate but equal accommodations, 34–36, 40–41, 87, 88–90; South Carolina Jim Crow laws, xix–xx; “Trainman Signaling from a Jim Crow Coach, St. Augustine, Florida” (photograph, 1943), 167; see also Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Rainey, Joseph H., 236 Randolph, A. Phillip, xxii, 169–73, 178–79, 221 Randolph, Innes, 81–82 Randolph, J. H., 147 Reconstruction era: black suffrage, 55–56; “I Hurl the Everlasting Curse of a Nation” (political cartoon, 1905), 74, 75; race relations, xiii–xvii; Reconstruction Amendments, 19, 23, 26, 236; “This is a White Man’s Government” (political cartoon, 1868), 24, 25; timeline, 235–36 Redding, Dick, 110 Redeemers, xvii, xviii–xix Red Summer, xxii, 238 re-employment rights, 192–93 reformatory donation request, 80–81 Reiss, Winold, 164 religious organizations, xxiv reproduction characteristics, 62–64 Republican Party, xxiii, xxiv, 56–58 Resettlement Administration, 116 restaurant service, 96–99...