Legacies of the War on Poverty

Tables and Figures

/ ix Tables and Figures Table 1.1 War on Poverty’s Major Legislation and Events 2 Table 1.2 Characteristics of the Non-Elderly Poor 17 Table 2.1 Effect Sizes from the National Head Start Impact Study 51 Table 2.2 Cognitive Outcomes for Head Start Participants 53 Table 4.1 Student Aid to Finance Postsecondary Expenses 95 Table 4.2 Median Family Income 1965 and Average College Tuition 1964–1965 97 Table 6.A1 Social Safety Net Caseloads 170 Table 6.A2 Trends in Expenditures on the Social Safety Net 171 Table 8.1 Johnson’s Urban Housing Programs, Predecessors, and Descendants 211 Table 8.2 Families in Low-Income Housing Programs 216 Table 8.3 Households Served by HUD Low-Income Rental Programs 218 Table 8.4 Estimated Ratio of Total Cost to Market Rent 223 Table 9.A1 Medicaid’s Milestones 261 Figure 1.1 Google Books N-Grams of Mentions of Poverty 6 Figure 1.2 U.S. Poverty Rates 13 Figure 1.3 Changes in Hourly Wage Earnings Among Full-Time Men at Various Percentiles in the Distribution 15 Figure 1.4 Nonmarital Births as a Percentage of All Births 16 Figure 2.1 Growth in Head Start 41 Figure 2.2 Childhood Mortality 43 Figure 2.3 Three- and Four-Year-Old Population in School 44 Figure 2.4 Students in Nursery School in Public Settings 45 Figure 3.1 Child Poverty and Per-Pupil Federal Revenue, Before Title I, 1963–1964 School Year 70 Figure 3.2 Child Poverty and Per-Pupil Federal Revenue, After Title I, 1969– 1970 School Year 71 Figure 3.3 Trends in Per-Pupil School Spending and Federal Revenue 72 Figure 3.4 Child Poverty and Per-Pupil School Spending, 1963–1964 School Year 79 Figure 3.5 Child Poverty and Per-Pupil School Spending, 2006–2007 School Year 79 Figure 3.6 Child Poverty and Per-Pupil School Spending Over Time 81 Figure 3.7 Trends in High School Graduation and College Attendance 83 Figure 4.1 Student Aid Used to Finance Postsecondary Education Expenses 104 Figure 4.2 Average Aid Per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Student 107 Figure 4.3 High School Graduates in College the October Immediately Following High School Completion Within Six Months 108 Tables and Figures x / x / Figure 4.4 Percentage of Those Age Eighteen to Twenty-Four in College 109 Figure 5.1 Mean Hourly Wages for Men 125 Figure 5.2 Labor Force Participation for Men, Education 126 Figure 5.3 Labor Force Participation for Men, Race 127 Figure 5.4 Mean Hourly Wages for Women 128 Figure 5.5 Labor Force Participation for Women, Education 129 Figure 5.6 Labor Force Participation for Women, Race 130 Figure 6.1 Poverty Rates by Age 161 Figure 6.2 Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin 162 Figure 6.3 Poverty Rates by Family Structure 163 Figure 7.1 Average Monthly Social Security Benefit for Retired Workers 184 Figure 7.2 Poverty Rates by Age 188 Figure 7.3 Components of Income 2008, Lowest Quartile 189 Figure 7.4 Components of Income 2008, Highest Quartile 189 Figure 7.5 Poverty Rates, Age Sixty-Five and Older 190 Figure 7.6 Median Income by Race 191 Figure 9.1 Personal Health-Care Expenditures 241 Figure 9.2 Children Ever Enrolled in CHIP 247 Figure 9.3 Rate of Uninsured 253 Figure 9.4 Visited a Doctor in Previous Year 255 Figure 9.5 Twenty-Eight-Day Infant Mortality 256 Figure 9.6 Life Expectancy at Birth 257 Figure 9.7 Health Status and Poverty Threshold 258 Figure 9.A1 Four or More Health Conditions 263 Figure 9.A2 Bedridden for Fourteen Days 263 ...