Coming of Political Age: American Schools and the Civic Development of Immigrant Youth

Index

index Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables accountability, school, 2, 4–5, 98–99, 123 ACS (American Community Survey), 18 Add Health. See National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study (AHAA), 9–10, 93, 133–34 adolescents, forces shaping transition to adulthood, 33–44. See also families and family background; high schools Advanced Placement (AP), 44, 65, 80 Afghanistan, War in, 26 African Americans. See Black Americans age differences, in political participation , 31 agency, 92 AHAA (Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study), 9–10, 93, 133–34 AH-PVT verbal scores, 102, 103, 105, 137 Alabama: immigrant population, 15 American Community Survey (ACS), 18 Abdi, Cawo, 144n1(ch5) academic achievement and preparation, 62–77; and course-taking, 65–68, 77; credit completion, 93–95; data sources, 10; English language proficiency issues, 69–76; and extracurricular activity participation, 39; grades, 4, 64–65, 68, 75, 93, 99, 115; high schools’ role, 128–29; by immigrant status and other background characteristics , 68–69, 70–71, 93–95; introduction , 62–63; opportunities to learn, 63–64; and political participation , 40–41, 42; racial-ethnic gap, 92; test scores, 64–65 academic clubs, 55, 56 academic courses. See course-taking academic orientation or emphasis, 59– 61, 101 academic stratification: curriculum differences , 101; family background effects , 99; impact of, 36–37, 62, 92, 126; and language proficiency, 69– 76; mathematics, 98; racial-ethnic differences, 92; and social science coursework, 99–100; tracking, 63– 64, 68–76, 79 Callahan.indb 163 2/4/2013 12:16:22 PM 164 Index Anyon, Jean, 80 AP (Advanced Placement), 44, 65, 80 argumentation, 88–90 Arkansas: immigrant population, 15, 18 Asian Americans: academic achievement , 65–67; political party identification , 114, 122; voter registration, 105; voter turnout, 29–30 assimilation: and English proficiency, 17–18, 46, 125–26; school-level characteristics associated with, 20– 21, 23; segmented assimilation, 20, 36, 65, 81 athletics, 39, 53–54, 56 authority, questioning of, 3 Barber, Carolyn, 80 belonging, 37–38, 40 Black Americans: party identification, 114; voter registration, 105; voter turnout, 28–29 bridging experiences, 85, 100 California: immigrant population, 15; New Citizens in a New Century research project, 10–11, 140–42 Callahan, Rebecca, 140, 142 Castañeda v. Pickard, 69, 143n1– 2(introduction) Catholic schools, 62 census data, 18, 83 Chapman, Chris, 40 Cheney, Lynne V., 4 Chi, Bernadette, 83 Chicago: immigrant population, 15; New Citizens in a New Century research project, 10–11, 140–42 children of immigrants: academic achievement and preparation, 62–77; definition of, 5, 137–39; demographic profile, 16–20; high schools serving, 20–24; political participation , 31–32; social integration and connection, 45–61; social science preparation, 78–96; young adult political outcomes, 97–120 Cho, Wendy, 63, 92 churches, 35–36, 40 citizenship status, 10, 135 civic knowledge, 43, 80, 98, 99–100, 101. See also social science courses civil rights, 86–87 Civil Rights Act (1964), 46 college education: enrollment rates, 23, 64, 65; students’ aspirations, 59–60; and voter turnout, 27–28; and voting behavior, 40–41 college preparation: by ESL placement, 72–74; high schools’ role, 36, 126– 27; by immigrant status, 65–68; mathematics courses, 63, 65–67, 76, 80; and social science coursework, 79 community connections, 35, 40, 100– 101 community service, 37, 38, 40, 54–55 course-taking: and academic achievement , 65–68, 77; data sources and analysis, 139; and voter registration, 105. See also English as a second language (ESL) courses; mathematics course-taking and achievement; social science courses critical thinking skills, 3, 83–84, 87–92 Current Population Survey, 26–30, 143n2 curriculum: history of, 4–5; sequencing, 3–4; social science, 3–5, 41–44, 79– 80, 84, 99; standards, 4–5; traditional content, 3 data sources and analysis, 9–11, 129– 30, 133–42 debates, 90–91 Democrats, 31, 114. See also political party identification demographic trends, 14–24, 131 Callahan.indb 164 2/4/2013 12:16:22 PM Index 165 diversity, 16–17 Dondero, Molly, 143 DREAM Act, 127 Eccles, Jacquelynne, 39 educational expectations and aspirations , 59–60 educational inequality, 63–64, 99. See also academic stratification education levels: of immigrants, 18; of parents and children’s political participation , 108, 109, 124, 128; and voter turnout, 27–28; and voting behavior , 36 Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) (2002): academic achievement, 65– 67; academic orientation, 59–60; advantages and disadvantages of, 10; description of, 134...