Documenting Desegregation: Racial and Gender Segregation in Private Sector Employment Since the Civil Rights Act

Index

363 Index Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables. Abbott, Andrew, xxv accountability, 290, 291–92, 303–5, 311 administrative support workers. See clerical and administrative support workers affirmative action: Clinton administration , 157, 172–75, 261; Johnson administration , 85–86, 91, 92, 115; Kennedy administration, 51, 68–69, 71, 78–81, 108, 294; labor queuing theory , 194; legal challenges, 121, 165; OFCCP compliance, 141, 153, 262, 264–65, 266, 314–15, 316; public sector implementation, 42; Reagan administration , 155; Republican Party’s opposition, 126; reverse discrimination backlash, xxii, 121, 126, 311–13; Roosevelt administration, xxxi, 51, 65–66, 69; voluntary vs. nonvoluntary plans, 288 African Americans. See blacks, black men, black women age discrimination complaints, 258 agriculture, 47, 48 Alba, Richard, 293–94, 307 Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 120 Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., 120 antidiscrimination laws: Civil Rights Act (1991), 162, 164; Equal Pay Act (1963), 65, 69; Family and Medical Leave Act (1993), 156–57, 159, 160, 274; federal mandates before Civil Rights Act (1964), 64–73; limitations of, 4–6; Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978), 122, 159–60. See also Civil Rights Act (1964); fair employment practice (FEP) laws applications, employment, 284 ascription, bottom-up, 14, 277–78, 279 Asian Americans: employment segregation trends, 306; labor force composition , 38; labor market competition impact, 195, 196; labor queue position, 194; managerial jobs, 202, 203, 204, 205; model minority status, 283; top labor markets for, 205 Atwater, Lee, 156 Avent-Holt, Dustin, 18 banks, 225, 231, 243, 275, 276 Baron, James, xxix, 13, 41, 62, 153, 285 Bielby, William, xxix, 41, 62 black men: discrimination claims, 27; educational attainment, 40; EEO-1 reporting firm employment, 42, 364    Index black men (cont.) 51–52, 92–93; employment growth, 94, 95; employment segregation trends, 53, 54, 76, 127–33, 168; federal contractor employment, 69, 70, 72, 73, 80, 142–44; government employment , 43; homogeneous workplaces , 52; labor force composition, 38; labor market competition impact, 195; occupational distribution, 52, 53, 96–99; Plans for Progress firm employment, 80–81; regional variation in segregation, 55, 56; sector variation in segregation, 55, 57, 215; small-firm private-sector employment , 44; workplace integration, 95– 96; workplace isolation, 32, 59, 72, 76, 80, 103, 110, 133, 174. See also good-quality job representation black men-white men desegregation or segregation. See white men-black men desegregation or segregation black men-white women desegregation or segregation: in EEOC-reporting firms, 71; in federal contractor firms, 71; during neoliberal era, 169; organizational variation, 57, 58; by political era, 170; during pre-Civil Rights Act period (1966), 54, 56, 58, 71; regional variation, 56, 185; workplace birth and death impact, 253; workplace environmental context, 256 blacks: civil rights advancement, xxvi; EEOC claim filings, 265; good job opportunities, 307–8; immigrants’ impact on labor market opportunities , 194, 208–9; incarceration rates, 48; manufacturing employment, 213; racial discrimination experiences, 26; service sector employment, 213; top labor markets for, 203; unemployment , 48. See also black men; black women; civil rights movement black women: discrimination claims, 27–28; discrimination lawsuits, 267; educational attainment, 40; in EEO-1 reporting firm employment, 42, 51– 52, 92–93; employment growth, 94, 95; employment segregation trends, 53, 54, 76, 80, 118, 127–33, 168; federal contractor employment, 70, 72, 73, 145–48, 152; government employment , 43; homogeneous workplaces, 52; labor force composition, 38; labor market competition impact, 195–96; labor queue position, 194; occupational distribution, 52, 53, 96–99; Plans for Progress firm employment, 80, 81; regional variation in segregation , 55, 56; as reverse discrimination beneficiary, xxii, 311–13; sector variation in segregation, 55, 57, 218, 219; small-firm private-sector employment , 44; workplace integration, 95; workplace isolation, 32, 59, 72, 76, 80, 103, 110, 133, 174. See also goodquality job representation black women-white men desegregation or segregation. See white menblack women desegregation or segregation black women-white women desegregation or segregation. See white women-black women desegregation or segregation Blalock, Hubert, 208 Blankenship, Kim, 341n2 (ch. 2) Blumrosen, Alfred, 89, 90, 91, 108, 341n2 (ch. 3) Borjas, George, 208–9 bottom-up ascription, 277–78 branch plants, 57, 58, 277, 335–36 Broschak, Joseph, 275, 276 Index   365 Brown v. Board of Education, 67, 68 bureaucracy, 9, 285–86, 310 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 325 Burk, Robert, 68 Burstein, Paul, 5, 12 Bush (George H. W.) administration: Civil Rights Act (1990) veto, 164; desegregation trajectories, 170; election (1988), 156; OFCCP regulation, 174, 175...