Trust and Reciprocity: Interdisciplinary Lessons for Experimental Research

Index

395 Index Numbers in boldface refer to figures and tables. Abbink, Klaus, 48 adaptation vs. behavior in natural selection, 9, 106–7, 110, 118, 119. See also evolutionary considerations age factor, 310–12, 314–15, 318, 343 agonistic intervention among primates , 131 Ahn, T. K., 324 Alchian, Armen, 25 Alfieri, Michael, 114 all-defect strategy, 42 altruism: altruists as player type, 277, 287; biological basis for, 108– 9, 111–12; in children, 304; vs. contingent benefits strategy, 120– 21; definition and evolution, 9, 105–6; and game theory limitations , 276–77, 298; in huntergatherer societies, 115–16; rationality of, 237n12; in trust games, 305. See also reciprocal altruism Americans, cross-societal comparison of trust, 215, 229–30, 324–25, 352–67 Andreoni, James, 28, 40, 251 Anshel, Anat, 229 Anticipatory Interactive Planning Simulation, 174–79 Arneson, Richard, 219 Arnstein, Fred, 218 Arrow, Kenneth, 6 assortment process, cooperators vs. defectors, 112–13 assurance type player, 328, 331, 333 assurance vs. trust, 353–55, 367. See also incentive structures and strategies ; particularist vs. general trust attitudinal vs. behavioral measures of trust, 213–15. See also survey methods Aumann, Robert, 65n9 authority: external authority role, 19, 61, 62, 195, 381; local vs. distant in fostering cooperation, 60–61 autism and reading of intentions, 247–49 Axelrod, Robert, 42, 109, 160, 162, 224 Bacharach, Michael, 226 backward induction: and defection, 96–97; definition, 389; limitations of, 377; in noncooperative game theory, 23, 275; predictability of models based on, 35–36 Bailey, F. G., 94 Ball, Sheryl, 251–52 banker’s paradox, 120 bargaining abilities in children, 303–4 Baron-Cohen, Simon, 248–49, 280–81 bats, blood sharing among, 114–15 behavioral measures-theory: adaptation vs. behavior in natural selection , 9, 106–7, 110, 118, 119; vs. attitudinal measures of trust, 213– 396 Index behavioral measures-theory (cont.) 15; bounded vs. complete rationality approaches, 24–26, 54–61, 62–64; emotional effects, 327; and experimental approach, 24, 39, 215–18; game theory limitations, 7–8, 27–38, 148, 275–81, 310, 314, 384; measures vs. theoretical conclusions , 381–82; models of individual , 39–41; reciprocity, reputation and trust linkages, 49– 54; reciprocity as basic element of behavior, 41–49, 223; trust as learned, 303, 307, 313. See also experimental approach Belief in Human Benevolence Scale, 215 Bendor, Jonathan, 225 benevolence, human, 215 Bercovitch, Frederick, 131 Berg, Joyce, 3–4, 151–52, 223, 262, 304 biological foundations of reciprocity: cognitive basis, 150–55; delay of gratification, 158–59; economic environment , 156–58; goodwill accounting , 160–64; neural correlates, 147–50, 165–67. See also evolutionary considerations birth-order effects on trust in children , 313, 317 blood sharing by bats, 114–15 Bohm, Peter, 22 bounded rationality: applicability to real-world social dilemmas, 62–64; vs. complete rationality, 24–26, 39–49, 54–61, 64n3; and cooperation-conflict games simulation , 178; reciprocity, reputation, and trust linkage, 49–54 Brandts, Jordi, 315 Burt, Ronald, 229 Cain, Michael, 330 Camac, Curt, 219, 220 capacities of others, assessing, 172 capuchin monkeys, 132 Carroll, James, 253 cercopithecine monkeys, 131 chain-generalized exchange, 233 Chan, Kenneth, 35 Charness, Gary, 315 cheap talk, 29, 65n8 cheating on agreements: cognitive detection mechanisms, 117, 157– 58; control of, 53–54; fear of, 222– 23; incentives for, 65n9; measured response to, 52–53. See also defecting strategy-defectors Cheney, Dorothy, 116, 131–32 chicken game, 225, 389 children, trust in, 302–20 chimpanzee service economy, 128– 42, 156 Cho, Kisuk, 324–25 Choi, Byung-il, 324–25 cognitive abilities: control through delayed gratification, 158–59; fallible cognition theory, 25; and game-theoretical structures, 119; information-processing, 198n12; neurological correlates of reciprocity , 150–64; ongoing use of, 197n5; and reciprocity, 112, 116–17, 128– 42; research value of study on, 377–79; and social games, 172–73; and social orientation, 219–20; and trust, 10, 118. See also intentionality detection Coleman, James, 80, 87 collective action: theoretical foundations and definition, 20–26, 389. See also cooperation; public-goods dilemmas collectivist culture, 352, 355–58, 359, 367 commitments, social: and assurance vs. trust, 353–54; and delayed gratification, 149; and emotion, 250; high-trusters vs. low-trusters, 221; and hostage posting strategy, 225–26; and knowledge of partners , 84; negotiated vs. reciprocal exchange, 233–34; and reciprocity, 11, 40–41; in repeated games, 234; and social uncertainty, 15, 358–66; and trust, 232–33, 234 Index 397 common-pool resource dilemmas, 20, 52, 65n5, 390...