Disease Prevention as Social Change: The State, Society, and Public Health in the United States, France, Great Britain, and Canada

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

DISEASE PREVENTION AS SOCIAL CHANGE THE STATE, SOCIETY, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES, FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND CANADA CONSTANCE A. NATHANSON Russell Sage Foundation • New York The Russell Sage Foundation The Russell Sage Foundation, one of the oldest of America’s general purpose foundations, was established in 1907 by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage for “the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States.” The Foundation seeks to fulfill this mandate by fostering the development and dissemination of knowledge about the country’s political, social, and economic problems. While the Foundation endeavors to assure the accuracy and objectivity of each book it publishes, the conclusions and interpretations in Russell Sage Foundation publications are those of the authors and not of the Foundation, its Trustees, or its staff. Publication by Russell Sage, therefore, does not imply Foundation endorsement. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas D. Cook, Chair Kenneth D. Brody Jennifer L. Hochschild Cora B. Marrett Robert E. Denham Kathleen Hall Jamieson Richard H. Thaler Christopher Edley Jr. Melvin J. Konner Eric Wanner John A. Ferejohn Alan B. Krueger Mary C. Waters Larry V. Hedges Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nathanson, Constance A. Disease prevention as social change : the state, society and public health in the United States, France, Great Britain, and Canada / Constance A. Nathanson. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-87154-644-9 ISBN-10: 0-87154-644-2 1. Health promotion—Cross-cultural studies. 2. Medicine, Preventive— Cross-cultural studies. 3. Preventive health services—Cross-cultural studies. 4. Medical policy—Cross-cultural studies. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Health Policy—trends—Canada. 2. Health Policy—trends— France. 3. Health Policy—trends—Great Britain. 4. Health Policy— trends—United States. 5. Primary Prevention—trends—Canada. 6. Primary Prevention—trends—France. 7. Primary Prevention—trends—Great Britain. 8. Primary Prevention—trends—United States. 9. Public Health—trends— Canada. 10. Public Health—trends—France. 11. Public Health—trends—Great Britain. 12. Public Health—trends—United States. 13. Social Change—Canada. 14. Social Change—France. 15. Social Change—Great Britain. 16. Social Change—United States. WA 108 N275d 2007] RA427.8.N3844 2007 362.1—dc22 2006033287 Copyright © 2007 by Russell Sage Foundation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system , or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Reproduction by the United States Government in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992. Text design by Suzanne Nichols. RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 112 East 64th Street, New York, New York 10021 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my mother, Elizabeth, and my sister, Jane In loving memory ...