Deflecting Immigration: Networks, Markets, and Regulation in Los Angeles

Index

Index Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables. 233 Abelmann, Nancy, 122–23 absorption and deflection process, 37–43, 157–58, 163–71, 176n27 acculturation and dispersion of immigrants , 43–46 affordable housing shortage in LA, 75–78, 135–42, 198n24, 199n40, 200n70 African Americans. See black Americans African immigrants in garment industry , 92 agency, local, 51–52, 157, 166, 168, 202n3 Aguilera, Michael, 64 Alexander, Barbara, 135–36 Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 15–17 antislum crusades, 78–79, 148, 154, 155 Antonovich, Michael, 119 Appelbaum, Eileen, 102 Appelbaum, Richard, 88, 100, 101, 108 Asian Indian immigrants: and acculturation effects on dispersion, 43–44; dispersal patterns, 27–30, 36; Edison, NJ enclave, 117–18; place entrepreneurship of, 117–18; and rent-to-wage ratio, 40–41, 42, 43, 46–47; wage trends vs. Mexicans, 65–68 Asian-origin population: capital resources of, 95, 120, 122, 123, 125; and demand-driven migration, 169; and education factor, 73–74; employment vs. self-employment , 72, 85; in garment industry, 88, 89, 90, 91, 154–55; housing conditions for, 134; and immigrant economies, 86–87; integration into suburban lifestyle, 133; place entrepreneurship in LA, 113, 119–27, 195n51, 55, 196n58, 62; population strength of, 60–61, 131, 132; and racism vs. poverty intolerance, 153–54; stability in coethnic situations, 24; wages vs. Hispanics in California, 65. See also Asian Indian immigrants automobile dependency in LA, 131, 132, 133 Bar-Cohen, Limor, 99 Bartel, Anne, 24 Bernard, Richard, 88, 94, 190n44 black Americans: and discrimination against poverty, 155; and informal sector, 52, 68; internal migration to North, 54–55; lack of social support networks, 184n31; and lowwage labor pool, 52; place entrepreneurship in Harlem, 127–28; population levels in LA, 131, 132; and residential segregation, 117 Blumenberg, Evelyn, 65 Boeri, Tito, 7 BOFE (Bureau of Field Enforcement), California’s, 98, 103 Bogue, Donald, 25 bogus immigration documents, 33–34, 98 Bonacich, Edna, 88, 100, 101, 108 border control, 11, 12, 190n21, 202–3n24 Brackman, Harold, 136 bridging networks, 86–87 Bump, Micah, 26, 44 Bureau of Field Enforcement (BOFE), California’s, 98, 103 Burgess, Ernest, 25 Caces, Fe, 53, 86 California: demographics of Mexican immigrants to, 44–46; foreignborn wages declines, 66; housing value changes, 146; restriction attitudes in, 153; and state vs. federal role in immigration, 11; wage decline in, 32. See also Los Angeles ; states and localities; traditional immigrant destinations California Look, 108–9, 111 Cal-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, California ), 98, 102, 107 Camarota, Steven A., 56 capital: Asian immigrants’ resources, 95, 120, 122, 123, 125; and global restructuring theory, 48–49 Caribbean immigrants in garment industry, 91 Carrillo, Deana, 99 cash wages and growth of informal sector, 49–50 Catanzarite, Lisa, 64 Central American immigrants, 62, 64, 65, 68–69, 91 chain migration, 181n27. See also network-driven migration Chavez, Leo, 155–56 Chen, Roger, 121 Chesapeake Bay area, poverty intolerance in, 165 Chicago School of urban sociology, 25, 114, 129, 137 Chinatown, Los Angeles, 120 Chinchilla, Norma, 64, 69 Chinese immigrants: in garment industry, 90; as place entrepreneurs , 113, 119–22, 195n51, 55, 196n58, 62 Cho, Edward, 123 cities. See metropolitan areas Clark, William A. V., 65 Clinton, Bill, 102 clustering, initial immigrant, 17, 27 contractors in garment industry structure , 100, 101 control of immigration. See laws and regulations Cornelius, Wayne, 85 cultural factors: acculturation and dispersion of immigrants, 43–46; and black migrations to North, 54; and folklore on black American work ethic, 52; and immigrant exaggeration of job opportunities, 52–53; and poverty tolerance variations , 158–59 cumulative causation, 2, 23–26, 53, 58, 175n14 Davis, Gary, 155 Davis, Gray, 103 Davis, Mike, 136 day laborers, 69, 171 Dear, Michael, 119, 136 decency, human, and poverty tolerance , 13, 17, 100, 161 deflection of immigrants: absorptionde flection process, 37–43, 157–58, 163–71, 176n27; and driver’s license requirement, 77, 151; and governmental attempt to increase housing, 137–42; and housing code law enforcement, 77–78, 79, 129, 132–35; and housing cost reductions, 145–48; and industrial -labor law enforcement, 108, 110, 161, 165, 167; and internal migration to tolerant cities, 17; introduction, 129–30; and lowdensity housing ideology in LA, 130–32, 135–37, 166–67; and nim234 Index byism, 142–45; poverty intolerance vs. racism in, 150–56; pros and cons for resident immigrants, 15, 162–63, 167, 169–71; summary of LA measures, 80; through minimum wage laws, 63...